Battle of Midway in World War II

The Battle of Midway was fought June 4-7, 1942, during World War II (1939-1945) and was the turning point of the war in the Pacific. Commanders U.S. Navy Admiral Chester Nimitz, Commander-in-Chief, U.S. Pacific FleetRear Admiral Frank J. Fletcher, Task Force 17 (senior tactical commander)Rear Admiral Raymond Spruance, Task Force 16 Imperial Japanese Navy Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto, Commander-in-Chief, Combined Fleet Background In the months after their successful attack on the U.S. Pacific Fleet at Pearl Harbor, the Japanese commenced a rapid push south into the Netherlands East Indies and Malaya. Driving back the British, they captured Singapore in February 1942 before defeating a combined Allied fleet in the Java Sea. Landing in the Philippines, they swiftly occupied much of Luzon before overcoming Allied resistance on the Bataan Peninsula in April. In the wake of these stunning victories, the Japanese sought to extend their control by securing all of New Guinea and occupying the Solomon Islands.  Moving to block this thrust, Allied naval forces scored a strategic victory at the Battle of Coral Sea on May 4-8 despite losing the carrier USS Lexington (CV-2).   Yamamotos Plan Following this setback, the commander of the Japanese Combined Fleet, Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto, devised a plan to draw the remaining ships of the U.S. Pacific Fleet into a battle where they could be destroyed. To accomplish this, he planned to invade the island of Midway, 1,300 miles northwest of Hawaii. Dubbed Operation MI, Yamamotos plan called for coordinating several battle groups across large expanses of ocean. These included  Vice Admiral Chuichi Nagumos First Carrier Striking Force (4 carriers), Vice Admiral Nobutake Kondos invasion force, as well as the battleships of the First Fleet Main Force. This final unit was personally led by Yamamoto aboard the battleship Yamato. As Midway was key to Pearl Harbors defense, he believed the Americans would send their remaining aircraft carriers to protect the island. Due to faulty intelligence which had reported Yorktown sunk at Coral Sea, he believed only two American carriers remained in the Pacific. Nimitzs Response At Pearl Harbor, Admiral Chester Nimitz, Commander in Chief of the U.S. Pacific Fleet, was made aware of the impending attack by his team of cryptanalysts led by Lieutenant Commander Joseph Rochefort. Having successfully broken the Japanese JN-25 naval code, Rochefort was able to provide an outline of the Japanese plan of attack as well as the forces involved. To meet this threat, Nimitz dispatched Rear Admiral Raymond A. Spruance with the carriers USS Enterprise (CV-6) and USS Hornet (CV-8) to Midway hoping to surprise the Japanese. Though he had never commanded carriers previously, Spruance assumed this role as Vice Admiral William Bull Halsey was unavailable due to a severe case of dermatitis. The carrier USS Yorktown (CV-5), with Rear Admiral Frank J. Fletcher, followed two days later after damage received at Coral Sea was hastily repaired. Attack on Midway Around 9 a.m. on June 3, a PBY Catalina flying from Midway spotted Kondos force and reported its location. Acting on this information, a flight of nine B-17 Flying Fortresses took off from Midway and mounted an ineffective attack against the Japanese. At 4:30 a.m. on June 4, Nagumo launched 108 planes to attack Midway Island, as well as seven scout planes to locate the American fleet. As these aircraft were departing, 11 PBYs took off from Midway in search of Nagumos carriers. Brushing aside the islands small force of fighters, the Japanese planes pounded Midways installations. While returning to the carriers, the strike leaders recommended a second attack. In response, Nagumo ordered his reserve aircraft, which had been armed with torpedoes, to be rearmed with bombs. After this process had commenced, a scout plane from the cruiser Tone reported locating the American fleet. The Americans Arrive Upon receiving this news, Nagumo reversed his rearmament order. As a result, the hangar decks of the Japanese carriers were full of bombs, torpedoes, and fuel lines as ground crews scrambled to reequip the aircraft. As Nagumo vacillated, the first of Fletchers planes arrived over the Japanese fleet. Armed with sighting reports from the PBYs which had located the enemy at 5:34 a.m., Fletcher had begun launching his aircraft at 7 a.m. The first squadrons to arrive were the TBD Devastator torpedo bombers from Hornet (VT-8) and Enterprise (VT-6). Attacking at a low level, they failed to score a hit and suffered heavy casualties. In the case of the former, the entire squadron was lost with only Ensign George H. Gay, Jr. surviving after being rescued by a PBY after spending 30 hours in the water. Dive Bombers Strike the Japanese Though VT-8 and VT-6 did not do any damage, their attack, coupled with the late arrival of VT-3, pulled the Japanese combat air patrol out of position, leaving the fleet vulnerable. At 10:22 a.m., American SBD Dauntless dive bombers approaching from the southwest and northeast struck the carriers Kaga, Soryu, and Akagi. In less than six minutes they reduced the Japanese ships to burning wrecks. In response, the remaining Japanese carrier, Hiryu, launched a counter-strike. Arriving in two waves, its planes twice disabled Yorktown. Later that afternoon, American dive bombers located Hiryu and sank it, completing the victory. Aftermath On the night of June 4, both sides retired to plan their next move. By 2:55 a.m., Yamamoto ordered his fleet to return to base. In the following days, American aircraft sunk the cruiser Mikuma, while the Japanese submarine I-168 torpedoed and sank the disabled Yorktown. The defeat at Midway broke the back of the Japanese carrier fleet and resulted in the loss of invaluable aircrews. It also marked the end of major Japanese offensive operations as the initiative passed to the Americans. That August, U.S. Marines landed on Guadalcanal and began the long march to Tokyo. Casualties U.S. Pacific Fleet Losses 340 killedAircraft Carrier USS YorktownDestroyer USS Hammann145 aircraft Imperial Japanese Navy Losses 3,057 killedAircraft Carrier AkagiAircraft Carrier KagaAircraft Carrier SoryuAircraft Carrier HiryuHeavy Cruiser Mikuma228 aircraft

Touching the Minds of Tomorrow’s Leaders Essay - 793 Words

Touching the Minds of Tomorrow’s Leaders By nature, children are curious. I do not agree with philosophers who believe that children are either good or evil. Instead, I believe that children want to take the world in and experience the new things life has to offer to shape their personalities. The nature of knowledge is very relevant to what point they are at in life and at what particular place. For example, if a child is raised in a place where there is nothing but put-downs, he too, will learn to put down himself and others. If a child is raised into a loving environment where independence is encouraged, he will grow up a loving, independent individual. Most learning takes place in the early years of life,†¦show more content†¦A good education helps children know that they can go further, if they try. Everyone has the ability to learn and further his or her education no matter the age. Teachers can teach more than just math and reading. In my classroom, I want to instill that they can explore and learn as far as they let it. I do not want students afraid of asking for help when problems occur, yet I want them to learn strategies in problem-solving that can help them whenever someone isn’t there to help. I want my students to gain self-respect, a feeling of self-worth, and to know that everyone is different but they all hurt just the same. Like Rousseau, I also feel that play is an important aspect in childhood development. Structured play should be used, but set a particular time and place for it. Unstructured play allows children to explore different things in the world around them. With the proper amount of supervision, this can also be a learning activity. Children should be encouraged to paint, count blocks, and color. Stimulation can also be offered by reading books with pictures in them and singing songs. A teacher should be a good example by having good self-control and an overall good behavior towards the students. Positive reinforcements should be used for good behavior and allow for the natural consequences when a child is disruptive. Punishments should be given along with an explanation and should fit the inappropriate behavior.Show MoreRelatedThe Washington County School District Organizational Strategies Essay1229 Words   |  5 Pageshearts and minds, to guide them into becoming empowered and creative individuals who will be tomorrow’s leaders. Serving as a teacher, I am constantly learning and bettering my own skills and knowledge as an individual while in the process of teaching students. There is a lot of fun in learning! It gives me great satisfaction to see my students academically succeed and ov ercome their daily challenges both inside and outside of the classroom. There is no better feeling in the world than touching the lifeRead MoreThe Washington County School District Essay1238 Words   |  5 Pageshearts and minds, to guide them into becoming empowered and creative individuals who will be tomorrow’s leaders. Serving as a teacher, I am constantly learning and bettering my own skills and knowledge as an individual while in the process of teaching students. There is a lot fun in learning! It gives me great satisfaction to see my students academically succeed and overcome their daily challenges both inside and outside of the classroom. There is no better feeling in the world than touching the liveRead MoreManaging Diversity in the 21st Century Workplace7087 Words   |  29 Pagesboth society and the workplace. Even though these movements differ from organizations seeking to move into the global market, the message that Human Resource Managers are trying to send into the workplace is the same. 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An example of the second type of conflict, when one’s personal values conflict with the organizations occurs when a leader in the company seeks personal gain (usually financial profit) from false advertising. â€Å"Cures† for fatal diseases are one type of product that falls into this category of ethical conflict: In their greed to make a profit, a marketer convinces thoseRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagesprescription, or act of the legislature, with authority to preserve certain rights in perpetual succession (The Oxford English Dictionary). Here, for instance, the very word corporation metaphorically invokes an image of the body corporate in which the leaders of the organization are similar to the b rains of the human body. This entails what is called anthropomorphization, literally meaning the ascription of human form, qualities and attributes. 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You’ll find that organizations today require their employees to work more closely together than at any time in the past. Call it teams, horizontal organizational structures, matrix management, or something similar, the fact remains

Thessalonians Free Essays

Thessalonians Thessalonians is based on two different letters that was written to the Christian community in Thessalonica. The purpose of the first letter was to clear up some of the misunderstandings about the return of Christ. The second letters purpose was to still clear up some of the misunderstandings about the Day of the Lord for they thought the day had already come. We will write a custom essay sample on Thessalonians or any similar topic only for you Order Now The first letter to the Christian community was sent from Paul, Silvanus, and Timothy, though Paul was the main author. Paul was writing to them to clear up their misunderstandings about the return of Christ, also considers it as instructions in holy living. Paul wrote about his longing to visit the church in Thessalonica but he couldn’t because Satan had stopped them (1 Thessalonians 2:18). Though some believe the second letter to the Christian community is wrote by Paul others do not. Many scholars point out how the writing style, vocabulary, and structure of the 2 Thessalonians are too similar to the 1 Thessalonians. They suggest that it was written by an anonymous author 50 years after Paul’s death, using the 1 Thessalonians as their guideline. The early witnesses for the belief that Paul is not the author are strong and include Igantius, Justin, and Polycarp. Although there seems to be different beliefs on who wrote the 2 Thessalonians, no one will really know. Paul’s reasoning for both letters seems to be along the same point to clear up the misunderstanding of the return of Christ and how the Christian community of Thessalonica was being persecuted for they believed that the Day of the Lord had already come. The first book of Thessalonians was suspected to have been written in 49-51 CE when Paul was on his Corinthian mission. (Acts 17-18) records Paul’s visits to Thessalonica and then to Athens, and to Corinth, which is how they correspond the date of the letter. It has been read that Paul did not starting writing his letters until he started traveling to the various places. Therefore they based these dates on traveling companions and cross referenced between 1 Thessalonians and Acts. There are many arguments about when the 2 Thessalonians was written, because they believe that Paul did not write the letter. Depending on the actual authorship of the letter would be what the date of it was written would depend on. Stating that if the letter was written by someone else but in Paul’s name, it is said that it may have been wrote in the late first or perhaps the early second CE. With that being said it is not sure on the exact date or time frame that the 2 Thessalonians was wrote. With many opinions about the date and who wrote the 2 Thessalonians it will not be known until the authorship of the letter is cleared up. There is enough evidence on when 1 Thessalonians was written. How they correspond the dates to when he was traveling and that he was on his mission in Corinthian, which would be around the 49-51 CE. Paul was writing the letter to the churches of Thessalonica which is the capital of the Roman province of Macedonia. His purpose of writing was to praise them on their â€Å"faith and love† that Timothy had brought and to focus on the instruction on how to live their Christian lives. Paul was writing this letter while he was on his mission in Corinthian where he was farther south in the province of Achaia. He wants the letter to be read aloud â€Å"to all his brothers† which means all his believers in Thessalonica. In 1 Thessalonians 4:3-4 it is confirmed of the conclusion that the churches of Thessalonica was mostly composed of gentile believers. Unlike Jews the Roman gentiles was notorious for being sexually immoral which is what Paul wanted the Thessalonians to keep them from. Both of the letters is written to the same audience the Christians of the Thessalonica churches. Without knowing who the true author of the second letter is it, there isn’t a for sure location on where the letter was written although it is believed to be in Corinth if Paul did write the letter. Paul’s purpose of the first letter was to correct a misunderstanding about the return of Christ. To also urge his readers to respect their leaders, his could suggest that there was some tension among the people in the churches. He expressed his satisfaction over the progress that the community had made and his joy. His Jewish opponents apparently had made accusations about his cowardice and self-seeking charges brought against him. He points out the importance of Christian morality, to safeguard them from attempts to make new converts to Christian ity and to revert to their old standards. Paul’s purpose of the second letter was to clear up any misunderstandings that came in the first letter. For he talked about the second coming of Christ, so those people believed in the Thessalonica churches that the coming of Christ was soon. Some quite their jobs, refused to work, and become idle busybodies and gossips, so Paul wrote to them also to encourage them to go back to work. The Christians were being persecuted by the Jews for they were hardened by the hearts and jealous of their success. He was telling them that when Christ returned for judgment the ones that was afflicting pain upon them would be punished for their doings. The purpose of both letters is nearly the same, wanting to tell them of the second coming of Christ and live their lives the way that he has instructed them too. The only difference was to clear things up that many had misread in the second letter for they misbelieved that the coming of Christ was soon. For Paul did not know when the actual coming would be but he was warning them of it so they would be ready for judgment day. The first letter from Paul is unique because through most of the letter it is devoted to his prayer and thanksgiving for their faith in Christ. He writes to them concerned for his people and thankful for the time that he has spent with them. In his letter he uses â€Å"You know† and â€Å"You Remember† repeatedly to remind them of the teaching he did to them. This shows how much of a personal relationship he had with the Thessalonian churches. He makes it clear in his letter that he is speaking to the ones that are followers of Jesus Christ. The second letter from Paul is unique as well. He still praises them for their faith in him and in Christ. He tells them of importance of letting their faith and love to continue to grow to be of examples for other churches. Despite all the suffering and pain they have been going through to not let their lives drift away from Christ. Explains the importance of getting prepared for the second coming of Christ and how gives them information about the apostle’s beliefs in when the second coming could be. Both of letters show Paul’s faith and love in the Thessalonians churches. He proves to those that he is very expectant of these churches to be examples for other churches through these letters. That despite the difficulties and pain that some go through that believing in Christ he will help you find your way out as long as you have faith and love in him. Throughout doing this paper I have learned many different opinions of whether Paul actually wrote the second letter or that he didn’t. I have been able to read about how Paul outpours his love and faith for the Thessalonian churches and that he wants them to live their lives for Christ. One of the key points that I have learned is that although you may struggle with difficulties and pain that if you have faith and love in Christ that he will help you find the way to survive these obstacles. Works Cited Coogan, Michael D. , et al. , eds. The New Oxford Annotated Bible. Oxford: New York, 2010. Print. The Providence Forum. Resource. Philadelphia National Bible City. The National Bible Association: Encouraging Everyone to Read the Bible. 2009. 25 Nov. 2012. Guthrie, Donald. New Testament Introduction: The Pauline Epistles. The Tyndale Press, 1960. Print. Holmes, Michael W. , et al. , eds. 1 2 Thessalonians NIV Application Commentary, Minnesota, 1998. Print. How to cite Thessalonians, Essay examples

Information Technology And Consumer Travel - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss about the Information Technology And Consumer Travel. Answer: Introduction The report helps in analyzing the definition of the consumer behavior in the context of an organization. The consumer behavior is the study of the different individuals, groups as well as different processes that are used in order to dispose the different products and services to satisfy the different requirements of the customers. The main aim and purpose of the report is to identify the different importance of the consumer behavior in the organization. The organization that has been taken in the particular report is Coles Supermarket that is based in Australia. The identification of the interest of the organization is essential in nature, as this will help in segmenting the different customers. The structure of the report includes definition of the consumer behavior, importance of consumer behavior in the organization as well as the identification of the organization interest. The different issues faced by the consumers have to be highlighted to solve such issues with proper insight. Overview on consumer behavior The consumer behavior is the study of different individuals along with organizations that include different activities that are associated with it for disposal of goods and services to the individuals in the entire society (Lantos, 2015). There are different factors that are considered in order to satisfy the requirements of the customers in the society that includes marketing campaigns, purchasing power of the individuals and personal preferences. There are different models of consumer behavior that has to be considered, as this is essential to understand the buying decisions of the consumers (Martin Bateman, 2014). Consumer behavior is influenced with the different personal factors that are essential in nature that includes occupation, age, economic conditions, lifestyle of the individuals as well. The economic model of the consumer behavior is the oldest model of the consumer behavior that includes as well as explains the likely behavior of the consumers in buying decisions that are applied by them. This model helps in including the monetary conditions of the individuals regarding their purchasing power. In the economic model, the money is the crucial factor that is required to be analyzed, as this will help in influencing the behavior of the consumers (Madzharov, Block Morrin, 2015). On the other hand, there are different other models of the consumer behavior such as Engel, Kollat and Blackwell Model as well as Black Box Model that has different implementations. However, there are different factors that influence the behavior of the buying of customers such as psychological factors that include motivation, perception along with attitude and beliefs. Consumer buying behavior is the total of the attitude and behavior of the customers and this helps in analyzing the preferences of the customers while buying different goods and services (Jerath, Ma Park, 2014). Importance of consumer behavior in organizations There are different importances of the consumer behavior to the different marketers in the organization. It is essential for the different marketers to understand the consumer behavior in such a manner that they can understand the preferences of the consumers and satisfy the different requirements in an effective manner as well. The importance of the consumer behavior in the organization is explained as follows: The main importance of the consumer behavior in organizations is to understand the buying patterns of the consumers by creating and retaining different customers through online stores (Krishna, 2015) The consumer studies helped in making the marketers understand about the post purchase behavior of the customers in the entire market. This will help the different organizations in the market to become fully aware about the process of consumption in a detailed manner (Li, Linn Muehlegger, 2014) This will help in increasing the knowledge of the sales person, as this will help in influencing the behavior of the consumers while buying different goods and services. Effective kind of marketing of different kind of products and services will help in delivering the right product to the different customers (Napoli et al., 2014) The behavior of the customers is essential in nature as this will help in optimizing the sale of product and this will create focus on the different strategies of marketing. The salesperson of the different markets will help in gaining knowledge on the consumers buying patterns (Oliver, 2014). The consumers are the heart of the business, as this will help in increasing the sales of the customers (Zeugner-Roth, Ã… ½abkar Diamantopoulos 2015). The marketers are responsible for satisfying the different requirements of the customers and this will help in influencing the decision of the customers. The marketers need to analyze the preferences of the customers by conducting different surveys through questionnaires as this will help them in knowing the requirements of the customers (Gruber Schlegelmilch, 2014) The psychology of the customers has to be analyzed by the marketers in an effective manner, as this will help in improving the marketing techniques that can solve such issues with the implementation of effective strategies. Lastly, the sales of the different organizations will be increased with the analysis of the purchases of the consumers. This will help the marketers in increasing their sales and knowing the likes and dislikes of the customers (Chiu et al., 2014). For instance- Suppose in a respective market, there are different customers who are the target customers of the company. There is a launch of a new product in the market purchased by different customers on that day; it is the duty of the marketers to analyze the different preferences of the customers. This will help in understanding the popularity of the product and this will help in analyzing the profits that has been generated from the particular product as well. This example helps in analyzing the preferences of the customers and this is providing proper importance to the customer behavior in the entire competitive market as well. Overview of Coles Supermarket Coles supermarket is the Australian supermarket, retail as well as consumer service chain that is headquartered in Melbourne ("Coles Supermarkets", 2018). The entire company is owned by parent company Wesfarmers that was founded in the year 1914. There are 801 supermarkets throughout Australia having 100,000 employees and they are operating online as well. The total asset that has been generated by Coles is $1 billion and the net revenue that is generated from the company is around $33 billion. The CEO of the respective supermarket Coles is John Durkan and the respective company is performing well in the different operational activities as well. Primary and secondary Customer Profile for Coles Supermarket Primary Customer Profile Brand Loyalists Value for money buyers Taste Seekers There are different buyers who are indifferent in nature. These are the ones who are loyal to single brand and the age group is around 29-35 years of age and usually not married in nature. The main target is the different kind of refreshments and other soft drinks The price is the essential factor and the age group targeted is more than 40 years. The income of the entire family has to be12000-15000 per month. The preferred brands are the different kinds of healthy foods, fruits as well. The taste is the essential factor that is considered and the age group that is targeted is less than 39 years of age. The female customers are the main target customers as they have huge knowledge relating to the different products that are required in the day-to-day life. The main target are the different oil, fruits, vegetables and other necessary ingredients that are required in the day to day life Secondary Customer profile Restaurant Owners School/College Canteens These are the secondary customers as they are the ones who require different kind of ingredients that are required for their restaurant. The age group varies from 29 years and above and this will help in sale of the different goods and services such as for the different vegetables and other spices sale will increase These are the secondary customers as well who purchase different ingredients that are required to prepare the snacks and other items in the canteens. The main age group varies from 25-35 years of age and they help in increasing the sales of the business Identification of issues and solving such issues in consumer behavior There are different issues that are faced by the consumers in the entire competitive market relating to the purchase of different goods and services. The issues that are faced by the consumers while purchasing goods from Coles Supermarket are as follows: There are different internal influences such as attitude of the customers along with the marketers will be one such reason. There can be different situation in the market that is related to the behavior of the marketers in the organization towards the consumers. The marketers may not be able to understand the requirements of the customers and they deliver goods and services that are not essential in nature (Carrington, Neville Whitwell, 2014) Secondly, when a new product is launched in the market, it is the duty of the marketer to guide the customer thoroughly relating to the characteristics of the product. When wrong information is generated to the customers, it will create a wrong impression on the individuals in the entire competitive market Thirdly, when the customer is not satisfied with the product that is provided by the respective supermarket. The situation can be such that the customers demanded a product, however such product was not available in the market and the marketer provides the replacement to the customer that did not meet the expectations that is required in the market (Xiang, Magnini Fesenmaier, 2015). However, there are different ways and processes through which the issues relating to the consumer behavior can be solved with proper implementation of different theories and models. The theories and models will help in analyzing the importance of the customer behavior in such a manner that this will help in solving such issues relating to the marketing strategies. The Maslows hierarchy theory helps in analyzing the different requirements of the customers that include: Physiological Needs Safety Needs Social Needs Esteem Needs Self Actualization Needs The requirements of the consumer behavior has to ascertained in an effective manner as this will help in solving the different issues that are faced by them. The different needs have to be ascertained that will help in solving the matters. Social marketing is essential in nature, as this will help the marketers in understanding the preferences of the customers in the market. The purchase decision of the customers has to be analyzed, as this will help the organization in preparing proper availability of the goods and services in such a manner that this will help in understanding the importance of the consumers. The different steps that can be followed by the marketers in the organization are as follows: The social marketing is essential in nature as the company will help in introducing new products in the market that will increase the marketing of the different goods and services (Couture et al., 2015) The choices of the brand has to be analyzed by the marketers in the respective organization as this will help in influencing the customers towards a particular brand as this will increase the marketing activities (Zhao et al., 2014) The psychology of the customers has to be understood by the marketers in the organization that will help in differing the marketing strategies for selling of different range of goods and services Conclusion Therefore, it can be concluded that proper ascertainment of the consumer behavior is essential in nature, as this will help in understanding the alternatives that can be adopted to make the customers satisfied. It has been seen that it is the duty of the different marketers in the organization to analyze the requirements of the customers as this helped them in delivering the goods and services in a proper manner. The behavior of the customers played an essential role as this helped in influencing the decisions in an effective manner. Lastly, the marketers require adopting different strategies to improve the marketing campaigns as this will help in implementing the strategies in an effective manner in the future. References Carrington, M. J., Neville, B. A., Whitwell, G. J. (2014). Lost in translation: Exploring the ethical consumer intentionbehavior gap.Journal of Business Research,67(1), 2759-2767. Chiu, C. Y., Kwan, L. Y. Y., Li, D., Peng, L., Peng, S. (2014). Culture and consumer behavior.Foundations and Trends in Marketing,7(2), 109-179. Coles Supermarkets. (2018). Coles.com.au. Retrieved 6 January 2018, from https://www.coles.com.au/ Couture, A., Arcand, M., Sncal, S., Ouellet, J. F. (2015). The influence of tourism innovativeness on online consumer behavior.Journal of Travel Research,54(1), 66-79. Gruber, V., Schlegelmilch, B. B. (2014). How techniques of neutralization legitimize norm-and attitude-inconsistent consumer behavior.Journal of Business Ethics,121(1), 29-45. Jerath, K., Ma, L., Park, Y. H. (2014). Consumer click behavior at a search engine: The role of keyword popularity.Journal of Marketing Research,51(4), 480-486. Krishna, A. (2015). The effect of deal knowledge on consumer purchase behavior. Lantos, G. P. (2015).Consumer behavior in action: Real-life applications for marketing managers. Routledge. Li, S., Linn, J., Muehlegger, E. (2014). Gasoline taxes and consumer behavior.American Economic Journal: Economic Policy,6(4), 302-342. Madzharov, A. V., Block, L. G., Morrin, M. (2015). The cool scent of power: effects of ambient scent on consumer preferences and choice behavior.Journal of Marketing,79(1), 83-96. Martin, W. C., Bateman, C. R. (2014). Consumer religious commitment's influence on ecocentric attitudes and behavior.Journal of Business Research,67(2), 5-11. Napoli, J., Dickinson, S. J., Beverland, M. B., Farrelly, F. (2014). Measuring consumer-based brand authenticity.Journal of Business Research,67(6), 1090-1098. Oliver, R. L. (2014).Satisfaction: A behavioral perspective on the consumer. Routledge. Xiang, Z., Magnini, V. P., Fesenmaier, D. R. (2015). Information technology and consumer behavior in travel and tourism: Insights from travel planning using the internet.Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services,22, 244-249. Zeugner-Roth, K. P., Ã… ½abkar, V., Diamantopoulos, A. (2015). Consumer ethnocentrism, national identity, and consumer cosmopolitanism as drivers of consumer behavior: A social identity theory perspective.Journal of international marketing,23(2), 25-54. Zhao, H. H., Gao, Q., Wu, Y. P., Wang, Y., Zhu, X. D. (2014). What affects green consumer behavior in China? A case study from Qingdao.Journal of Cleaner Production,63, 143-151.