Comparing and Contrasting Diverse Roles Research Paper

Comparing and Contrasting Diverse Roles - Research Paper Example These common roles are as follows; Role as a Leader A project manager has to lead, manage and administer the resources of a project (U.S. Office of Personnel Management, 2003). These resources are both tangible and intangible. For instance, tangible resources are finances and materials of a project. Intangible resources are people’s skills. The nature and diversity of these resources makes the role of a project manager very demanding. A project manager needs to lead the team. Projects are not completed without a competent team. In order to get the best out of the people working on a project, they need to be lead and often they need to be lead from the front. That is why the project manager needs to be equipped with the right leadership skills. The role of a leader often requires developing, modifying and implementing project plans. Along with these qualities, a leader also has to bring in the necessary interpersonal skill set to effectively lead the team towards the goals. The re is hardly any contrast in the roles of a project manager and the role of a leader. Every step of the management requires appropriate leadership skills. ... That is why continuous improvement and learning is mandatory for a super job at project managing. Whatever skill and education the project manager has, the manager needs to pass it on to the project team members. The manager needs to show team members how to do certain things. That is where a project manager needs to be a mentor for team members. Mentoring for the project manager involves teaching team members right on the job. This type of mentoring can be related to on the job training. Here comes the contrast; the job of a project manager is to manage the project and not teach the team members new skills. If the project manager is busy teaching the team members about their job skills, project managing can suffer. This is a tough thing for the project manager to balance both these aspects. Role as a Manager This is the prime role of a project manager, to manage. There is no contrast between this role and the main task of a project manager. Team building for a project is also the jo b of a project manager and especially when there are different types of teams. These various types of teams depends on the task at hand as well as the resources available (WHO, 2007). Team building also requires managing the individuals that make up the team. The manager needs to know which individuals are best with their specific skill sets and how to best utilize them. As stated earlier, there is no contrast between the work of a project manager and the role of a manager. These tasks go hand in hand, reinforcing each other. The managerial roles require managing all variables of a project; time, cost, resources. Facilitator roles Sometimes a big project requires more than one project manager for its successful completion. In such scenarios, a project manager needs to play the role of

Olive Cotton Essay Example for Free

Olive Cotton Essay Olive cotton is an Australian photographer who produced magnificent photography for over 60 years. She was born on 11 July 1911 in Hornsby, Sydney. On her 11th birthday Olive Cotton was given a Kodak camera from her father who taught her all the basics of photography. Her father helped her turn the home laundry into a dark room to produce photographs. Cotton had no prior experience with photography. In her darkroom Cotton processed films and produced her first black and white image. While on holidays with her family in Newport Beach Cotton met Max Dupain, whom she later married for two years in 1939, and they became friends, sharing a passion for photography. In 1941 Olive Cotton was asked to manage Dupains studio while he was called to service in war, she accepted and worked as a professional photographer. Olive Cotton got remarried and moved away to Cowra. When she moved away from Dupains studio Cotton did not have access to a dark room for twenty years, but continued to take photos. She later had a child and opened a small photographic studio. Cotton is noted as one of Australia’s most notorious photographers and visual artists with her work show casing in Australia and multiple international exhibitions. Cotton passed away in the first week of October 2003. Vapour Trail 1991 In this image Cotton has captured a surreal moment. The use of black and white exaggerates the scene and gives of a cold and dark feeling. The photo Vapour Trail 1991 was taken from a low angle shot. Taking the image from this angle allows Cotton to include the vapour trail and the clouds in the sky and environment around it. The vapour trail which runs from the top right corner to the bottom left corner give a deep depth of field, the trail has a rough, grainy texture throughout it and consists of many distorted lines. The light source is coming from the bottom right highlighting the clouds. Also included in the photograph is a line of trees and shrubs in the foreground. The foreground is very dark and blacked out with no lighting, only showing the outline of the trees and shrubs. In the background there is a large body of water and another line of trees, shrubs and land. The top right corner is faded into darkness. My gaze focuses at the top of the image and trails down along the vapour trail to where I noticed the trees and the bright lighting coming through the faded clouds. I really like how the lighting in the corner outlines the trees and shrubs leaving the fill black. Fashion shot, Cronulla Sandhill’s 1937 Fashion shot by Olive Cotton consists of many elements. The photo is in black and white consisting mostly of bright shades giving of a very happy mood. Cotton has taken the photograph at a long shot and eyelevel shot. Using these types of shots allowed her to involve the full body of the model, her first husband (Max Dupain), the sky, sand and the distant shore line. The model in the centre of the image wearing a flowing dress is the first place I laid my eyes on. Due to the way the models arm is bent the next place my eyes lead to is Dupain Photographing the model for a magazine shoot. The image also includes the natural foot prints imbedded into the white luscious sand. The ripples and prints in the sand continue in to the shadows of the model and Dupain. The foreground of the image is very clear with even lighting throughout it. The background of the photograph includes a cloudy sky and a shore line of dark trees in the distance. Judging by the shadows the lighting comes from the left side of the image causing the entire centre of the image to be brighter while the top boarders are very dark. I really like the way Cotton has taken a photo in the moment; I also enjoy the Polaroid framing and free hand script on the border. Olive Cotton is a brilliant photography who can take a simple object and make it a beautiful piece of art with it. Even without having and official education in photography, Cotton has produced some of Australia’s most well-known and notorious images in history.

Role Of Law In Modern Society Law Essay

Role Of Law In Modern Society Law Essay The main role of law in modern societies is hard to overestimate. The systems are hard to understand, the institutions are different and range from small to mammoth, and the number of people concerned, from para-legal to federal judge, can only be proof of its central role in society. Law and legal issues are left to lawyers, legal theorists and the occasional sociologist. For most people, the law is only reluctantly confronted during those signature events in life: marriage, paying taxes, immigrating. The history of law is closely related to the development of civilization. Ancient Egyptian law, 3000 BC, restricted a civil code that was probably broken into twelve books. It was based on the concept of Maat, characterized by tradition, symbolic speech, social equality and objectivity. By the 22nd century BC, the ancient Sumerian ruler Ur-Nammu had formulated the first law code, which consisted of casuistic statements and in that law they just had:if then Around 1760 BC, King Hammurabi further developed Babylonian law, by codifying and inscribing it in stone. Hammurabi placed several copies of his law code throughout the kingdom of Babylon as steal, for the entire public to see; this became known as the Codex Hammurabi. The most intact copy of these steal was discovered in the 19th century in Britain, and has since been fully transliterated and translated into various languages, including English, German, and French. Civil Law and Common law The terms of common law system and civil law system are different and used to discriminate two distinct legal systems and approaches to law. The term civil law refers to jurisdictions that took over the continental system of European law resulting basically from ancient Roman law, but much accept the Germanic tradition. The term common law refers to all legal systems, which have adopted the historic English legal system. The distinction to be made between the two systems is that the common law system has a certain characteristic to be case-centered and hence judge-centered, allowing scope for an optional, pragmatic approach to the particular problems that show before the courts. From one point, the law can be developed on a case-by-case basis and from another point the civil law system tends to be a codified body of general abstract principles that control the implement of judicial discretion. In reality, both these views are limited, with the former overemphasizing the extent to which the common law judges can impose their discretion and the latter underestimating the point to which civil law judges have the power to exercise judgment. It is possibly significance mentioning at this point that the European Court of Justice, established, in assumption, on civil law principles, is, in practice, increasingly recognizing the profit of establishing a body of case law. Even though, the European Court of Justice is not bound by the operation of the doctrine of stare deices, it still does not decide personal cases on a personal basis without reference to its previous decisions. Substantive vs. Procedural Law Substantive law refers to all categories of public law and private law, including the law of contracts, real property, torts, and criminal law. First, there is a brief definition of the two terms. When you say substantive law, it actually mansions to the written or constitutional law which governs the connection between people, or between people and the state. Procedural law is the set of rules followed when a court is hearing a case so it basically dictates what will happen during a civil or criminal proceeding. Compare this with procedural law, which provides a government with the machinery to implement the rights and duties as distinct in substantive law. In laymans terms, substantive law defines how the facts in a case will be handled, as well as how a particular case is to be charged. As the name implies, its the substance of the case that is being handled. Only procedural laws can be applied to non-legal contexts, but substantive law cannot. Procedural law is more about how the law will be executed, while substantive law provides the legal result to a case. Summing up: 1. Substantive law is about the characterization of peoples rights, duties and power, while procedural law is about prescribing the form and order by which the law will be enforced. 2. Substantive law defines how the details or information in a case will be handled, while procedural law defines the step-by-step process that the case will go through. 3. Substantive law cannot be applied to non-legal contexts, while only procedural law can be applied to non-legal contexts. 4. Substantive law defines how the case is handled, and how a crime is to be charged, while procedural law describes the method in which a case will progress. Criminal and civil procedure Criminal and civil procedures are not similar to each other. Even if some systems, together with the English, stand for private persons to bring a criminal prosecution against another person, prosecutions are almost always in progress by the state, in order to punish the defendant. The cases are usually in different courts, and juries are not so often used in civil cases. Civil procedure is the main body of law that sets out the rules and principles that courts follow when adjudicating civil lawsuits. These rules manage how a lawsuit or case may be commenced, what type of service of process is necessary, the types of pleadings and statements of case, applications, and orders allowable in civil cases, the timing and manner of depositions and discovery, the conduct of trials, the process for judgment, various available remedies, and how the courts and clerks should function. Civil procedure is central, necessary and special procedural systems even criminal procedure has tended to develop or extend as variations on the civil procedure model. Civil law proceeding is that evidence is received and the summary record prepared by someone other than the judge who will decide the case. In civil law nations, where there is no tradition of civil trial by jury, an entirely different approach has developed. There is no such thing as a trial in our sense or no single, concentrated event. The typical civil proceeding in civil law country is actually a series of isolated meetings of and written communications between counsel and judge. Criminal One of the most comparisons one hears made about criminal procedure in the two traditions is that the criminal procedure in the civil law tradition is called inquisitorial at the same time as that in the common law tradition is called accusatorial. The criminal trial is a challenge between the accusers and the accused with the judge as a referee. Usually the proceedings takes place publicly and orally and is not preceded by any official investigation or preparation of evidence. At the same period of time there are important differences between civil and criminal procedures. The most civil law system consists of separate codes of civil procedure and criminal procedure. The principle of evidence plays more important role in a criminal case if the people judging it doubt the guilt of suppose and have a reason for this doubt a crime cannot be proven. But in a civil case, the court and judge will evaluate all the proof and decide what is most possible. In civil matters the parties are the plaintiff and the defendant. In criminal matters the parties are the Crown and the defendant, in civil matters the parties are the plaintiff and defendant. A prosecutor conducts the case on behalf of the Crown. In the Magistrates Court the prosecutor is a police officer while in the higher courts the Director of Public Prosecutions conducts the prosecution. The plaintiff or prosecutor must prove their case before the court. Conclusion In conclusion, essay explains the differences between criminal procedure and civil procedure and different legal systems.

Lifes a Bitch and then you Rock :: essays research papers fc

Life's a Bitch and then you Rock   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Life is full of hardships, which is a bitch. But, if faced, they are overcome and you are rewarded, which rocks. However, if the problems are not dealt with, more problems will arise. My title is a quote by Art Alexakis—lead singer of the band Everclear. He was presented with problems in his life, but he faced them. And now his life is much better. No one ever promised that life would be easy, and no one ever told you exactly what to expect. This is because everyone’s life is different. No one faces the same challenges. But, everyone has to face life sooner or later.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  First, life confronts you with a problem. It is impossible to list every situation life can hand you, however, here are three scenarios that show different aspects of life. You’re a seventeen year-old girl who has just found out she is pregnant. Your boyfriend, afraid of the situation, has left you. Your parents, deeply religious, have shunned you. Your aunt allows you to stay in her house but disapproves. You are left alone to take care of yourself—sacrifice your childhood. In the next scenario, you’re a grown man. Your father has just suffered a severe stroke, his third in as many years. He is unconscious, in constant suffering, and kept alive, only by respirators that breathe for him. You must choose whether to keep him alive on the machine or pull the plug and let him die—decide his fate. Finally, you’re a 19 year-old college student that has to write a major essay. You haven’t made an effort all year. And if you donâ €™t write a reasonable paper you will probably fail the class. It’s not a difficult assignment but you have to find time, research the subject, and not loose sight your goal—take the responsibility. Ursula K. Le Guin was presented with responsibility when she saw the sparrow trapped in the cage (564-565). She could have just walked away, but she took it upon herself to find help. In our lifetimes, life provides a problem, and we must find a solution.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Next, you have to decide whether to face the problem at hand, or ignore it. Let’s say, in that the first scenario you face your problems, just as Barrett Mandel faced his problem—the inability of university students to write proficient papers. You get an after-school job; study just as hard, if not harder, than you have been; and make plans for the birth.

8 C’s of business letter Essay

Clarity The first element of all business letters is that they should be clear. This includes the purpose of the letter and words used within the text. Clearly state your point near the beginning to allow the reader a clear understanding of the letter’s purpose. Conciseness Avoid using extra words in a business letter. The element of conciseness refers to stating an idea in the fewest words possible. Don’t add superfluous information or extra words to fill space. Simply state the information that’s important and pertinent, and leave it at that. Consideration A business letter should also be considerate. This element is important because you must think about the reader and his feelings and point of view. Make the letter about him and not you. Courtesy   Business letters should show respect to the reader and should demonstrate the writer’s personal respect for the reader and the company he works for. Concreteness Concreteness refers to using vivid wording within the letter that appeals to the reader’s senses. If a business letter is dull, the reader may skim through, missing important points. Cheerfulness When writing a business letter, demonstrate a positive attitude that expresses joy and cheer. Correctness A business letter must always be accurate. This means ensuring every word within the document contains accurate facts and figures. This includes proofreading the letter to check for grammar and spelling mistakes. Character Every business letter should show a bit of uniqueness from the writer. This gives the letter character and may make it more interesting. The Importance of Good Business Letter Format The basic business letter format is the same across a range of industries, with few variations for content and style. The letter should be left-aligned, single-spaced with a one-inch margin and a standard 11- or 12-point type size. The top line below the letterhead should be the month, day and year, followed by one line of space and the address of the recipient. Place one line of space after the recipient’s address and use a simple, professional greeting, followed by a colon and another line of space. Each following paragraph should be separated by a line. Insert one line after the last paragraph, followed by a closing and a comma; leave four lines of space for your signature, and type your name and title. Professionalism A well-formatted letter conveys an immediate sense of professionalism to the reader, particularly if it is printed on quality paper and folded neatly. It lets the recipient know that you took the time to craft a letter carefully, even before he reads the content. When it comes time to follow up, the reader will know where to look for the pertinent information, such as the date and return address. Communication Knowledge When you use the accepted format for a business letter, it lets the reader know that you have a basic understanding of standard business communication practices. A poorly formatted letter, on the other hand, sends an immediate message to the recipient that you do not have the knowledge or you view the communication as informal; as a result, the content might not get the attention it deserves. Showcases Content When writing a business letter, your main objective is to get a message across; the design of the letter itself should fade into the background. By using an improper letter layout, you immediately draw attention to the format rather than the message. By following the standard guidelines for the paragraph content — introducing your point and providing immediate support — you build your case quickly and concisely, making it easy for the reader to focus on the letter itself. Business letters are the unique form of business communication with all the stake holders of the company. The stakeholders include all those who are interested in the running of an enterprise. The business letters are used to convince these stakeholders or persuading them to agree with the writer regarding the topic under discussion. These letters are written as a way of persuading the customers or clients to accept the contract or proposal or enter into an agreement. It is a modern way of communication between both the parties. This is a method winning a contract or bringing business to an organization. A well-written and formatted letter represents the business identity as well as conveys the professionalism of a company. Formats and variation of business letter Proper Business Letter Formats Business letters in the United States, use four common letter formats. Variations differ for other countries such as the date is composed in another style. All proper business letter formats are acceptable but the block is more common. Block Letter Format: The common block letter format is formatted with all of your text flush with the left margin. Paragraphs are doubled spaced and all line text single spaced. The margins are a standard word processor setting of one inch. (see the image of Block Letter Format). Semi-block Letter Format: For the semi-block, the only difference between the semi and alternative block is as opposed to have the body text justified left, the first line of each paragraph is indented. Alternative Block Letter Format: The alternative block letter format moves the return address, date, closing, name, title and signature to the left side of the page. Simplified Letter Format: This format takes the same properties of the block letter with one exception, the greeting or salutation is eliminated. This is a helpful format when you don’t know the recipient’s gender is male or female, or Mrs. or Miss.

Free Essays on Sex and Aids in Canada

As of 2001, close to 40 million people are living with HIV/Aids and close to 3 million died from it. By 2004, Aids will be the leading cause of death on the planet. (UNAIDS 2002). These are startling figures that no doubt impress upon any global policy maker to try to do more to help find a cure. In the meantime, the media has helped to ensure that the vast majority of global citizens are educated on and aware of the threat posed by this merciless virus. It is estimated by UNAIDS that close to 55 000 Canadians are presently infected with HIV. The disease that was once labeled the â€Å"gay man’s disease† no longer discriminates, everyone person who chooses to become sexually active risks exposure. Although reported HIV cases have ceased to increase in recent years across our country, certain social groups in our communities instead have witnessed a steady elevation within their populations. This essay will attempt to prove that societal marginalization and discrimination against aboriginals, drug injection users and gays have contributed to the steady rise of HIV infection rates and diminished the effectiveness of health promotion initiatives within these groups. The economic and social power imbalance between Aboriginals and Non-Aboriginals in Canada plagues reserve and off-reserve communities with a host of social problems. Aboriginals represent a higher percentage of Canada’s inmate population which places them in a more high risk scenario for exposure to HIV. Once released, they may return home and unknowingly infect other members of their community. In 1996, 9% of all new HIV infections in Canada were among Aboriginals which is an alarming statistic considering they only represent 2.8% of our country’s total population. Allard 2 Health Canada also reported that 60% of all aboriginal male reported cases was amongst men who have sex with men. Injection drug use accounts for 54% of accounted aids cases among Abo... Free Essays on Sex and Aids in Canada Free Essays on Sex and Aids in Canada As of 2001, close to 40 million people are living with HIV/Aids and close to 3 million died from it. By 2004, Aids will be the leading cause of death on the planet. (UNAIDS 2002). These are startling figures that no doubt impress upon any global policy maker to try to do more to help find a cure. In the meantime, the media has helped to ensure that the vast majority of global citizens are educated on and aware of the threat posed by this merciless virus. It is estimated by UNAIDS that close to 55 000 Canadians are presently infected with HIV. The disease that was once labeled the â€Å"gay man’s disease† no longer discriminates, everyone person who chooses to become sexually active risks exposure. Although reported HIV cases have ceased to increase in recent years across our country, certain social groups in our communities instead have witnessed a steady elevation within their populations. This essay will attempt to prove that societal marginalization and discrimination against aboriginals, drug injection users and gays have contributed to the steady rise of HIV infection rates and diminished the effectiveness of health promotion initiatives within these groups. The economic and social power imbalance between Aboriginals and Non-Aboriginals in Canada plagues reserve and off-reserve communities with a host of social problems. Aboriginals represent a higher percentage of Canada’s inmate population which places them in a more high risk scenario for exposure to HIV. Once released, they may return home and unknowingly infect other members of their community. In 1996, 9% of all new HIV infections in Canada were among Aboriginals which is an alarming statistic considering they only represent 2.8% of our country’s total population. Allard 2 Health Canada also reported that 60% of all aboriginal male reported cases was amongst men who have sex with men. Injection drug use accounts for 54% of accounted aids cases among Abo...