Battle of Midway in World War II

The Battle of Midway was fought June 4-7, 1942, during World War II (1939-1945) and was the turning point of the war in the Pacific. Commanders U.S. Navy Admiral Chester Nimitz, Commander-in-Chief, U.S. Pacific FleetRear Admiral Frank J. Fletcher, Task Force 17 (senior tactical commander)Rear Admiral Raymond Spruance, Task Force 16 Imperial Japanese Navy Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto, Commander-in-Chief, Combined Fleet Background In the months after their successful attack on the U.S. Pacific Fleet at Pearl Harbor, the Japanese commenced a rapid push south into the Netherlands East Indies and Malaya. Driving back the British, they captured Singapore in February 1942 before defeating a combined Allied fleet in the Java Sea. Landing in the Philippines, they swiftly occupied much of Luzon before overcoming Allied resistance on the Bataan Peninsula in April. In the wake of these stunning victories, the Japanese sought to extend their control by securing all of New Guinea and occupying the Solomon Islands.  Moving to block this thrust, Allied naval forces scored a strategic victory at the Battle of Coral Sea on May 4-8 despite losing the carrier USS Lexington (CV-2).   Yamamotos Plan Following this setback, the commander of the Japanese Combined Fleet, Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto, devised a plan to draw the remaining ships of the U.S. Pacific Fleet into a battle where they could be destroyed. To accomplish this, he planned to invade the island of Midway, 1,300 miles northwest of Hawaii. Dubbed Operation MI, Yamamotos plan called for coordinating several battle groups across large expanses of ocean. These included  Vice Admiral Chuichi Nagumos First Carrier Striking Force (4 carriers), Vice Admiral Nobutake Kondos invasion force, as well as the battleships of the First Fleet Main Force. This final unit was personally led by Yamamoto aboard the battleship Yamato. As Midway was key to Pearl Harbors defense, he believed the Americans would send their remaining aircraft carriers to protect the island. Due to faulty intelligence which had reported Yorktown sunk at Coral Sea, he believed only two American carriers remained in the Pacific. Nimitzs Response At Pearl Harbor, Admiral Chester Nimitz, Commander in Chief of the U.S. Pacific Fleet, was made aware of the impending attack by his team of cryptanalysts led by Lieutenant Commander Joseph Rochefort. Having successfully broken the Japanese JN-25 naval code, Rochefort was able to provide an outline of the Japanese plan of attack as well as the forces involved. To meet this threat, Nimitz dispatched Rear Admiral Raymond A. Spruance with the carriers USS Enterprise (CV-6) and USS Hornet (CV-8) to Midway hoping to surprise the Japanese. Though he had never commanded carriers previously, Spruance assumed this role as Vice Admiral William Bull Halsey was unavailable due to a severe case of dermatitis. The carrier USS Yorktown (CV-5), with Rear Admiral Frank J. Fletcher, followed two days later after damage received at Coral Sea was hastily repaired. Attack on Midway Around 9 a.m. on June 3, a PBY Catalina flying from Midway spotted Kondos force and reported its location. Acting on this information, a flight of nine B-17 Flying Fortresses took off from Midway and mounted an ineffective attack against the Japanese. At 4:30 a.m. on June 4, Nagumo launched 108 planes to attack Midway Island, as well as seven scout planes to locate the American fleet. As these aircraft were departing, 11 PBYs took off from Midway in search of Nagumos carriers. Brushing aside the islands small force of fighters, the Japanese planes pounded Midways installations. While returning to the carriers, the strike leaders recommended a second attack. In response, Nagumo ordered his reserve aircraft, which had been armed with torpedoes, to be rearmed with bombs. After this process had commenced, a scout plane from the cruiser Tone reported locating the American fleet. The Americans Arrive Upon receiving this news, Nagumo reversed his rearmament order. As a result, the hangar decks of the Japanese carriers were full of bombs, torpedoes, and fuel lines as ground crews scrambled to reequip the aircraft. As Nagumo vacillated, the first of Fletchers planes arrived over the Japanese fleet. Armed with sighting reports from the PBYs which had located the enemy at 5:34 a.m., Fletcher had begun launching his aircraft at 7 a.m. The first squadrons to arrive were the TBD Devastator torpedo bombers from Hornet (VT-8) and Enterprise (VT-6). Attacking at a low level, they failed to score a hit and suffered heavy casualties. In the case of the former, the entire squadron was lost with only Ensign George H. Gay, Jr. surviving after being rescued by a PBY after spending 30 hours in the water. Dive Bombers Strike the Japanese Though VT-8 and VT-6 did not do any damage, their attack, coupled with the late arrival of VT-3, pulled the Japanese combat air patrol out of position, leaving the fleet vulnerable. At 10:22 a.m., American SBD Dauntless dive bombers approaching from the southwest and northeast struck the carriers Kaga, Soryu, and Akagi. In less than six minutes they reduced the Japanese ships to burning wrecks. In response, the remaining Japanese carrier, Hiryu, launched a counter-strike. Arriving in two waves, its planes twice disabled Yorktown. Later that afternoon, American dive bombers located Hiryu and sank it, completing the victory. Aftermath On the night of June 4, both sides retired to plan their next move. By 2:55 a.m., Yamamoto ordered his fleet to return to base. In the following days, American aircraft sunk the cruiser Mikuma, while the Japanese submarine I-168 torpedoed and sank the disabled Yorktown. The defeat at Midway broke the back of the Japanese carrier fleet and resulted in the loss of invaluable aircrews. It also marked the end of major Japanese offensive operations as the initiative passed to the Americans. That August, U.S. Marines landed on Guadalcanal and began the long march to Tokyo. Casualties U.S. Pacific Fleet Losses 340 killedAircraft Carrier USS YorktownDestroyer USS Hammann145 aircraft Imperial Japanese Navy Losses 3,057 killedAircraft Carrier AkagiAircraft Carrier KagaAircraft Carrier SoryuAircraft Carrier HiryuHeavy Cruiser Mikuma228 aircraft

Touching the Minds of Tomorrow’s Leaders Essay - 793 Words

Touching the Minds of Tomorrow’s Leaders By nature, children are curious. I do not agree with philosophers who believe that children are either good or evil. Instead, I believe that children want to take the world in and experience the new things life has to offer to shape their personalities. The nature of knowledge is very relevant to what point they are at in life and at what particular place. For example, if a child is raised in a place where there is nothing but put-downs, he too, will learn to put down himself and others. If a child is raised into a loving environment where independence is encouraged, he will grow up a loving, independent individual. Most learning takes place in the early years of life,†¦show more content†¦A good education helps children know that they can go further, if they try. Everyone has the ability to learn and further his or her education no matter the age. Teachers can teach more than just math and reading. In my classroom, I want to instill that they can explore and learn as far as they let it. I do not want students afraid of asking for help when problems occur, yet I want them to learn strategies in problem-solving that can help them whenever someone isn’t there to help. I want my students to gain self-respect, a feeling of self-worth, and to know that everyone is different but they all hurt just the same. Like Rousseau, I also feel that play is an important aspect in childhood development. Structured play should be used, but set a particular time and place for it. Unstructured play allows children to explore different things in the world around them. With the proper amount of supervision, this can also be a learning activity. Children should be encouraged to paint, count blocks, and color. Stimulation can also be offered by reading books with pictures in them and singing songs. A teacher should be a good example by having good self-control and an overall good behavior towards the students. Positive reinforcements should be used for good behavior and allow for the natural consequences when a child is disruptive. Punishments should be given along with an explanation and should fit the inappropriate behavior.Show MoreRelatedThe Washington County School District Organizational Strategies Essay1229 Words   |  5 Pageshearts and minds, to guide them into becoming empowered and creative individuals who will be tomorrow’s leaders. Serving as a teacher, I am constantly learning and bettering my own skills and knowledge as an individual while in the process of teaching students. There is a lot of fun in learning! It gives me great satisfaction to see my students academically succeed and ov ercome their daily challenges both inside and outside of the classroom. There is no better feeling in the world than touching the lifeRead MoreThe Washington County School District Essay1238 Words   |  5 Pageshearts and minds, to guide them into becoming empowered and creative individuals who will be tomorrow’s leaders. Serving as a teacher, I am constantly learning and bettering my own skills and knowledge as an individual while in the process of teaching students. There is a lot fun in learning! It gives me great satisfaction to see my students academically succeed and overcome their daily challenges both inside and outside of the classroom. There is no better feeling in the world than touching the liveRead MoreManaging Diversity in the 21st Century Workplace7087 Words   |  29 Pagesboth society and the workplace. Even though these movements differ from organizations seeking to move into the global market, the message that Human Resource Managers are trying to send into the workplace is the same. 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An example of the second type of conflict, when one’s personal values conflict with the organizations occurs when a leader in the company seeks personal gain (usually financial profit) from false advertising. â€Å"Cures† for fatal diseases are one type of product that falls into this category of ethical conflict: In their greed to make a profit, a marketer convinces thoseRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagesprescription, or act of the legislature, with authority to preserve certain rights in perpetual succession (The Oxford English Dictionary). Here, for instance, the very word corporation metaphorically invokes an image of the body corporate in which the leaders of the organization are similar to the b rains of the human body. This entails what is called anthropomorphization, literally meaning the ascription of human form, qualities and attributes. 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Thessalonians Free Essays

Thessalonians Thessalonians is based on two different letters that was written to the Christian community in Thessalonica. The purpose of the first letter was to clear up some of the misunderstandings about the return of Christ. The second letters purpose was to still clear up some of the misunderstandings about the Day of the Lord for they thought the day had already come. We will write a custom essay sample on Thessalonians or any similar topic only for you Order Now The first letter to the Christian community was sent from Paul, Silvanus, and Timothy, though Paul was the main author. Paul was writing to them to clear up their misunderstandings about the return of Christ, also considers it as instructions in holy living. Paul wrote about his longing to visit the church in Thessalonica but he couldn’t because Satan had stopped them (1 Thessalonians 2:18). Though some believe the second letter to the Christian community is wrote by Paul others do not. Many scholars point out how the writing style, vocabulary, and structure of the 2 Thessalonians are too similar to the 1 Thessalonians. They suggest that it was written by an anonymous author 50 years after Paul’s death, using the 1 Thessalonians as their guideline. The early witnesses for the belief that Paul is not the author are strong and include Igantius, Justin, and Polycarp. Although there seems to be different beliefs on who wrote the 2 Thessalonians, no one will really know. Paul’s reasoning for both letters seems to be along the same point to clear up the misunderstanding of the return of Christ and how the Christian community of Thessalonica was being persecuted for they believed that the Day of the Lord had already come. The first book of Thessalonians was suspected to have been written in 49-51 CE when Paul was on his Corinthian mission. (Acts 17-18) records Paul’s visits to Thessalonica and then to Athens, and to Corinth, which is how they correspond the date of the letter. It has been read that Paul did not starting writing his letters until he started traveling to the various places. Therefore they based these dates on traveling companions and cross referenced between 1 Thessalonians and Acts. There are many arguments about when the 2 Thessalonians was written, because they believe that Paul did not write the letter. Depending on the actual authorship of the letter would be what the date of it was written would depend on. Stating that if the letter was written by someone else but in Paul’s name, it is said that it may have been wrote in the late first or perhaps the early second CE. With that being said it is not sure on the exact date or time frame that the 2 Thessalonians was wrote. With many opinions about the date and who wrote the 2 Thessalonians it will not be known until the authorship of the letter is cleared up. There is enough evidence on when 1 Thessalonians was written. How they correspond the dates to when he was traveling and that he was on his mission in Corinthian, which would be around the 49-51 CE. Paul was writing the letter to the churches of Thessalonica which is the capital of the Roman province of Macedonia. His purpose of writing was to praise them on their â€Å"faith and love† that Timothy had brought and to focus on the instruction on how to live their Christian lives. Paul was writing this letter while he was on his mission in Corinthian where he was farther south in the province of Achaia. He wants the letter to be read aloud â€Å"to all his brothers† which means all his believers in Thessalonica. In 1 Thessalonians 4:3-4 it is confirmed of the conclusion that the churches of Thessalonica was mostly composed of gentile believers. Unlike Jews the Roman gentiles was notorious for being sexually immoral which is what Paul wanted the Thessalonians to keep them from. Both of the letters is written to the same audience the Christians of the Thessalonica churches. Without knowing who the true author of the second letter is it, there isn’t a for sure location on where the letter was written although it is believed to be in Corinth if Paul did write the letter. Paul’s purpose of the first letter was to correct a misunderstanding about the return of Christ. To also urge his readers to respect their leaders, his could suggest that there was some tension among the people in the churches. He expressed his satisfaction over the progress that the community had made and his joy. His Jewish opponents apparently had made accusations about his cowardice and self-seeking charges brought against him. He points out the importance of Christian morality, to safeguard them from attempts to make new converts to Christian ity and to revert to their old standards. Paul’s purpose of the second letter was to clear up any misunderstandings that came in the first letter. For he talked about the second coming of Christ, so those people believed in the Thessalonica churches that the coming of Christ was soon. Some quite their jobs, refused to work, and become idle busybodies and gossips, so Paul wrote to them also to encourage them to go back to work. The Christians were being persecuted by the Jews for they were hardened by the hearts and jealous of their success. He was telling them that when Christ returned for judgment the ones that was afflicting pain upon them would be punished for their doings. The purpose of both letters is nearly the same, wanting to tell them of the second coming of Christ and live their lives the way that he has instructed them too. The only difference was to clear things up that many had misread in the second letter for they misbelieved that the coming of Christ was soon. For Paul did not know when the actual coming would be but he was warning them of it so they would be ready for judgment day. The first letter from Paul is unique because through most of the letter it is devoted to his prayer and thanksgiving for their faith in Christ. He writes to them concerned for his people and thankful for the time that he has spent with them. In his letter he uses â€Å"You know† and â€Å"You Remember† repeatedly to remind them of the teaching he did to them. This shows how much of a personal relationship he had with the Thessalonian churches. He makes it clear in his letter that he is speaking to the ones that are followers of Jesus Christ. The second letter from Paul is unique as well. He still praises them for their faith in him and in Christ. He tells them of importance of letting their faith and love to continue to grow to be of examples for other churches. Despite all the suffering and pain they have been going through to not let their lives drift away from Christ. Explains the importance of getting prepared for the second coming of Christ and how gives them information about the apostle’s beliefs in when the second coming could be. Both of letters show Paul’s faith and love in the Thessalonians churches. He proves to those that he is very expectant of these churches to be examples for other churches through these letters. That despite the difficulties and pain that some go through that believing in Christ he will help you find your way out as long as you have faith and love in him. Throughout doing this paper I have learned many different opinions of whether Paul actually wrote the second letter or that he didn’t. I have been able to read about how Paul outpours his love and faith for the Thessalonian churches and that he wants them to live their lives for Christ. One of the key points that I have learned is that although you may struggle with difficulties and pain that if you have faith and love in Christ that he will help you find the way to survive these obstacles. Works Cited Coogan, Michael D. , et al. , eds. The New Oxford Annotated Bible. Oxford: New York, 2010. Print. The Providence Forum. Resource. Philadelphia National Bible City. The National Bible Association: Encouraging Everyone to Read the Bible. 2009. 25 Nov. 2012. Guthrie, Donald. New Testament Introduction: The Pauline Epistles. The Tyndale Press, 1960. Print. Holmes, Michael W. , et al. , eds. 1 2 Thessalonians NIV Application Commentary, Minnesota, 1998. Print. How to cite Thessalonians, Essay examples

Information Technology And Consumer Travel - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss about the Information Technology And Consumer Travel. Answer: Introduction The report helps in analyzing the definition of the consumer behavior in the context of an organization. The consumer behavior is the study of the different individuals, groups as well as different processes that are used in order to dispose the different products and services to satisfy the different requirements of the customers. The main aim and purpose of the report is to identify the different importance of the consumer behavior in the organization. The organization that has been taken in the particular report is Coles Supermarket that is based in Australia. The identification of the interest of the organization is essential in nature, as this will help in segmenting the different customers. The structure of the report includes definition of the consumer behavior, importance of consumer behavior in the organization as well as the identification of the organization interest. The different issues faced by the consumers have to be highlighted to solve such issues with proper insight. Overview on consumer behavior The consumer behavior is the study of different individuals along with organizations that include different activities that are associated with it for disposal of goods and services to the individuals in the entire society (Lantos, 2015). There are different factors that are considered in order to satisfy the requirements of the customers in the society that includes marketing campaigns, purchasing power of the individuals and personal preferences. There are different models of consumer behavior that has to be considered, as this is essential to understand the buying decisions of the consumers (Martin Bateman, 2014). Consumer behavior is influenced with the different personal factors that are essential in nature that includes occupation, age, economic conditions, lifestyle of the individuals as well. The economic model of the consumer behavior is the oldest model of the consumer behavior that includes as well as explains the likely behavior of the consumers in buying decisions that are applied by them. This model helps in including the monetary conditions of the individuals regarding their purchasing power. In the economic model, the money is the crucial factor that is required to be analyzed, as this will help in influencing the behavior of the consumers (Madzharov, Block Morrin, 2015). On the other hand, there are different other models of the consumer behavior such as Engel, Kollat and Blackwell Model as well as Black Box Model that has different implementations. However, there are different factors that influence the behavior of the buying of customers such as psychological factors that include motivation, perception along with attitude and beliefs. Consumer buying behavior is the total of the attitude and behavior of the customers and this helps in analyzing the preferences of the customers while buying different goods and services (Jerath, Ma Park, 2014). Importance of consumer behavior in organizations There are different importances of the consumer behavior to the different marketers in the organization. It is essential for the different marketers to understand the consumer behavior in such a manner that they can understand the preferences of the consumers and satisfy the different requirements in an effective manner as well. The importance of the consumer behavior in the organization is explained as follows: The main importance of the consumer behavior in organizations is to understand the buying patterns of the consumers by creating and retaining different customers through online stores (Krishna, 2015) The consumer studies helped in making the marketers understand about the post purchase behavior of the customers in the entire market. This will help the different organizations in the market to become fully aware about the process of consumption in a detailed manner (Li, Linn Muehlegger, 2014) This will help in increasing the knowledge of the sales person, as this will help in influencing the behavior of the consumers while buying different goods and services. Effective kind of marketing of different kind of products and services will help in delivering the right product to the different customers (Napoli et al., 2014) The behavior of the customers is essential in nature as this will help in optimizing the sale of product and this will create focus on the different strategies of marketing. The salesperson of the different markets will help in gaining knowledge on the consumers buying patterns (Oliver, 2014). The consumers are the heart of the business, as this will help in increasing the sales of the customers (Zeugner-Roth, Ã… ½abkar Diamantopoulos 2015). The marketers are responsible for satisfying the different requirements of the customers and this will help in influencing the decision of the customers. The marketers need to analyze the preferences of the customers by conducting different surveys through questionnaires as this will help them in knowing the requirements of the customers (Gruber Schlegelmilch, 2014) The psychology of the customers has to be analyzed by the marketers in an effective manner, as this will help in improving the marketing techniques that can solve such issues with the implementation of effective strategies. Lastly, the sales of the different organizations will be increased with the analysis of the purchases of the consumers. This will help the marketers in increasing their sales and knowing the likes and dislikes of the customers (Chiu et al., 2014). For instance- Suppose in a respective market, there are different customers who are the target customers of the company. There is a launch of a new product in the market purchased by different customers on that day; it is the duty of the marketers to analyze the different preferences of the customers. This will help in understanding the popularity of the product and this will help in analyzing the profits that has been generated from the particular product as well. This example helps in analyzing the preferences of the customers and this is providing proper importance to the customer behavior in the entire competitive market as well. Overview of Coles Supermarket Coles supermarket is the Australian supermarket, retail as well as consumer service chain that is headquartered in Melbourne ("Coles Supermarkets", 2018). The entire company is owned by parent company Wesfarmers that was founded in the year 1914. There are 801 supermarkets throughout Australia having 100,000 employees and they are operating online as well. The total asset that has been generated by Coles is $1 billion and the net revenue that is generated from the company is around $33 billion. The CEO of the respective supermarket Coles is John Durkan and the respective company is performing well in the different operational activities as well. Primary and secondary Customer Profile for Coles Supermarket Primary Customer Profile Brand Loyalists Value for money buyers Taste Seekers There are different buyers who are indifferent in nature. These are the ones who are loyal to single brand and the age group is around 29-35 years of age and usually not married in nature. The main target is the different kind of refreshments and other soft drinks The price is the essential factor and the age group targeted is more than 40 years. The income of the entire family has to be12000-15000 per month. The preferred brands are the different kinds of healthy foods, fruits as well. The taste is the essential factor that is considered and the age group that is targeted is less than 39 years of age. The female customers are the main target customers as they have huge knowledge relating to the different products that are required in the day-to-day life. The main target are the different oil, fruits, vegetables and other necessary ingredients that are required in the day to day life Secondary Customer profile Restaurant Owners School/College Canteens These are the secondary customers as they are the ones who require different kind of ingredients that are required for their restaurant. The age group varies from 29 years and above and this will help in sale of the different goods and services such as for the different vegetables and other spices sale will increase These are the secondary customers as well who purchase different ingredients that are required to prepare the snacks and other items in the canteens. The main age group varies from 25-35 years of age and they help in increasing the sales of the business Identification of issues and solving such issues in consumer behavior There are different issues that are faced by the consumers in the entire competitive market relating to the purchase of different goods and services. The issues that are faced by the consumers while purchasing goods from Coles Supermarket are as follows: There are different internal influences such as attitude of the customers along with the marketers will be one such reason. There can be different situation in the market that is related to the behavior of the marketers in the organization towards the consumers. The marketers may not be able to understand the requirements of the customers and they deliver goods and services that are not essential in nature (Carrington, Neville Whitwell, 2014) Secondly, when a new product is launched in the market, it is the duty of the marketer to guide the customer thoroughly relating to the characteristics of the product. When wrong information is generated to the customers, it will create a wrong impression on the individuals in the entire competitive market Thirdly, when the customer is not satisfied with the product that is provided by the respective supermarket. The situation can be such that the customers demanded a product, however such product was not available in the market and the marketer provides the replacement to the customer that did not meet the expectations that is required in the market (Xiang, Magnini Fesenmaier, 2015). However, there are different ways and processes through which the issues relating to the consumer behavior can be solved with proper implementation of different theories and models. The theories and models will help in analyzing the importance of the customer behavior in such a manner that this will help in solving such issues relating to the marketing strategies. The Maslows hierarchy theory helps in analyzing the different requirements of the customers that include: Physiological Needs Safety Needs Social Needs Esteem Needs Self Actualization Needs The requirements of the consumer behavior has to ascertained in an effective manner as this will help in solving the different issues that are faced by them. The different needs have to be ascertained that will help in solving the matters. Social marketing is essential in nature, as this will help the marketers in understanding the preferences of the customers in the market. The purchase decision of the customers has to be analyzed, as this will help the organization in preparing proper availability of the goods and services in such a manner that this will help in understanding the importance of the consumers. The different steps that can be followed by the marketers in the organization are as follows: The social marketing is essential in nature as the company will help in introducing new products in the market that will increase the marketing of the different goods and services (Couture et al., 2015) The choices of the brand has to be analyzed by the marketers in the respective organization as this will help in influencing the customers towards a particular brand as this will increase the marketing activities (Zhao et al., 2014) The psychology of the customers has to be understood by the marketers in the organization that will help in differing the marketing strategies for selling of different range of goods and services Conclusion Therefore, it can be concluded that proper ascertainment of the consumer behavior is essential in nature, as this will help in understanding the alternatives that can be adopted to make the customers satisfied. It has been seen that it is the duty of the different marketers in the organization to analyze the requirements of the customers as this helped them in delivering the goods and services in a proper manner. The behavior of the customers played an essential role as this helped in influencing the decisions in an effective manner. Lastly, the marketers require adopting different strategies to improve the marketing campaigns as this will help in implementing the strategies in an effective manner in the future. References Carrington, M. J., Neville, B. A., Whitwell, G. J. (2014). Lost in translation: Exploring the ethical consumer intentionbehavior gap.Journal of Business Research,67(1), 2759-2767. Chiu, C. Y., Kwan, L. Y. Y., Li, D., Peng, L., Peng, S. (2014). Culture and consumer behavior.Foundations and Trends in Marketing,7(2), 109-179. Coles Supermarkets. (2018). Coles.com.au. Retrieved 6 January 2018, from https://www.coles.com.au/ Couture, A., Arcand, M., Sncal, S., Ouellet, J. F. (2015). The influence of tourism innovativeness on online consumer behavior.Journal of Travel Research,54(1), 66-79. Gruber, V., Schlegelmilch, B. B. (2014). How techniques of neutralization legitimize norm-and attitude-inconsistent consumer behavior.Journal of Business Ethics,121(1), 29-45. Jerath, K., Ma, L., Park, Y. H. (2014). Consumer click behavior at a search engine: The role of keyword popularity.Journal of Marketing Research,51(4), 480-486. Krishna, A. (2015). The effect of deal knowledge on consumer purchase behavior. Lantos, G. P. (2015).Consumer behavior in action: Real-life applications for marketing managers. Routledge. Li, S., Linn, J., Muehlegger, E. (2014). Gasoline taxes and consumer behavior.American Economic Journal: Economic Policy,6(4), 302-342. Madzharov, A. V., Block, L. G., Morrin, M. (2015). The cool scent of power: effects of ambient scent on consumer preferences and choice behavior.Journal of Marketing,79(1), 83-96. Martin, W. C., Bateman, C. R. (2014). Consumer religious commitment's influence on ecocentric attitudes and behavior.Journal of Business Research,67(2), 5-11. Napoli, J., Dickinson, S. J., Beverland, M. B., Farrelly, F. (2014). Measuring consumer-based brand authenticity.Journal of Business Research,67(6), 1090-1098. Oliver, R. L. (2014).Satisfaction: A behavioral perspective on the consumer. Routledge. Xiang, Z., Magnini, V. P., Fesenmaier, D. R. (2015). Information technology and consumer behavior in travel and tourism: Insights from travel planning using the internet.Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services,22, 244-249. Zeugner-Roth, K. P., Ã… ½abkar, V., Diamantopoulos, A. (2015). Consumer ethnocentrism, national identity, and consumer cosmopolitanism as drivers of consumer behavior: A social identity theory perspective.Journal of international marketing,23(2), 25-54. Zhao, H. H., Gao, Q., Wu, Y. P., Wang, Y., Zhu, X. D. (2014). What affects green consumer behavior in China? A case study from Qingdao.Journal of Cleaner Production,63, 143-151.

The Pit and the Pendulum Essay Essay Example

The Pit and the Pendulum Essay Paper There are some narratives. where the objects that are described or portrayed play a more of import portion of the narrative than what we believed. In The Pit and the Pendulum. a short narrative written by Edgar Allan Poe there is certain symbolism that adds intending to the narrative. The storyteller is stating the narrative from a keep in Toledo. Spain as a captive during the Spanish Inquisition. In the narrative. there are certain objects that have of import symbolism for the play. since they lead the storyteller to his decease. This narrative is one of Poe’s more popular plants since he creates a dark ambiance. adds suspense and a deep significance to these symbols. His symbolism transmits the subject of adult male struggles to last. The symbols make the storyteller face his chief job and stress what he feels while qualifying his emotions. The cavity is the most of import symbol in the narrative. The storyteller about faces decease by falling on the border of the cavity. re cognizing how close to decease he had been because the cavity had a deep surface. The cavity represents decease or falling into snake pit. It can be interpreted as decease because for the storyteller. it is something unknown. he didn’t know that the cavity was at that place. or how deep it was. The same happens with decease. cipher truly knows what happens after we die or where is it precisely where we go. In the narrative. the cavity is portrayed as this terrorization symbol that can besides be interpreted as snake pit. Since snake pit is the belief of a topographic point where people go after decease because they have sinned. the storyteller is considered to be guilty of a offense he did non commit. he doesn’t deserve to decease in the cavity. or harmonizing to the symbolism. combustion in snake pit. At the beginning of the narrative. the storyteller describes the â€Å"seven tall candles† that remind him of angels that subsequently turn into â€Å"meaningles s apparitions. with caputs of fire. † The significances that Thoreau wants to give to these tapers are a mark of hope. followed by letdown and despair. The fact that he imagined angels coming to his deliverance means that he was keeping on to his life. non giving up until those angels turned into Satan. and so his perceptual experience changed into thought that he was all entirely and abandoned. â€Å"And so my vision fell upon the seven autumn tapers upon the tabular array. At first they wore the facet of charity. and seemed white slender angels who would salvage me ; but so. all at one time. there came a most deathly sickness over my spirit. and I felt every fibre in my frame thrill as if I had touched the wire of a voltaic battery. while the angel signifiers became nonmeaningful apparitions. with caputs of fire. and I saw that from them there would be no aid. † We will write a custom essay sample on The Pit and the Pendulum Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Pit and the Pendulum Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Pit and the Pendulum Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The pendulum that is portrayed in the narrative is a symbol that represents clip. As the pendulum descends more and more. the storyteller realizes that is coming right to him. willing to take him to his intolerable decease. In the narrative. clip is a important component. since the storyteller has his seconds counted before confronting his decease. which fortunately. he escapes. â€Å"It was the painted figure of Time as he is normally represented. salvage that in stead of a scythe he held what at a insouciant glimpse I supposed to be the envisioned image of a immense pendulum. such as we see on old-timer redstem storksbills. † The pendulum is an instrument for anguish since it involves decease itself while numbering off the seconds until the terminal. The symbolism that the objects undertaking in the narrative emphasizes what Poe wanted to add or stand for the significance that is beyond what he wanted the storyteller in the narrative to portray. The symbols connect the story teller to what is really go oning in the narrative and do the reader understand better. In this instance. the symbols that were utilized are critical for the narrative. without them. the narrative would non hold the same significance and this happens with a batch of Edgar Allan Poe’s narratives and verse forms. it is an component that identifies them. Plants Citedâ€Å"Short Narratives: The Pit and the Pendulum by Edgar Allan Poe. † Short Narratives: The Pit and the Pendulum by Edgar Allan Poe. N. p. . n. d. Web. 6 Mar. 2014. Cover missive:I found the narrative really interesting I thought that the symbols were non difficult to construe. I decided to analyse the symbols because they are a really of import portion of the narrative. even though I did non analyse all of them. but I choose the three that I considered more relevant to the narrative My essay is concise and easy to read and understand. I included a batch of illustrations like direct quotation marks from the text that support my organic structure paragraphs. That was what I liked the most about my essay. the quotation marks that I included. because it gives you an thought of the point of position of the storyteller and how precisely he felt or what he thought. My debut is apprehensible and it gives you the thought of what the essay is traveling to be approximately. The organic structure paragraphs explain each of the symbols and I provided illustrations and analyzed them to do it more clear. My decision explains overall what the essay was approximately and it summarizes the debut.

Free Essays on Always Running

One Author’s Struggle There are choices you have to make not just once, But every time they come up. -Chente In 1993, Luis Rodriguez wrote an autobiographical book Always Running. Within months the Theocratic Right of Book Banning made Always Running their number one target calling it ungodly, antifamily, radical, and harmful. Rockford school district member, Ed Sharp, went to the extent of stating, â€Å"I challenge anyone who knows how the mind works, after reading this book, not to be more likely to assume the lifestyle of a gang person and not to be more likely to have sex in the back of a car† (Sharp). Had Sharp truly read Always Running and comprehended the passion, he would understand Rodriguez is only speaking of true life and real events. On the other hand, Armando Solana, a high school student commented on the novel, â€Å"Reading this book is like living thorough it†¦what I learned from this book is to never give up no matter what† (Always Running preface). Luis Rodriguez like many other’s knows first hand that life is not always what its cut out to be. The quick success of his book, Always Running, has caused a large uproar within the community with it stories of unemployment, drugs, gangs, rape, abortion and prostitution. Even with its forbidden tales, Always Running has won the Carl Sandburg Literary Award, the Chicago Sun-Times Book Award and was chosen as the New York Times Notable Book in 1993. Rodriguez’s aim was not to offend anyone, but merely to open the eyes of his son who had recently joined a gang, Tiffany L. Youngren could not have said it better when she exclaimed, â€Å"Rodriguez wields life together like a tool, splitting stereotype cleanly down the middle and scooping out characters that are complex and whole†¦ the people in his stories abuse drugs, start fights, steal and gang-bang, but they are human above all† (Youngren). Always Running by Luis Rodriguez with its ... Free Essays on Always Running Free Essays on Always Running One Author’s Struggle There are choices you have to make not just once, But every time they come up. -Chente In 1993, Luis Rodriguez wrote an autobiographical book Always Running. Within months the Theocratic Right of Book Banning made Always Running their number one target calling it ungodly, antifamily, radical, and harmful. Rockford school district member, Ed Sharp, went to the extent of stating, â€Å"I challenge anyone who knows how the mind works, after reading this book, not to be more likely to assume the lifestyle of a gang person and not to be more likely to have sex in the back of a car† (Sharp). Had Sharp truly read Always Running and comprehended the passion, he would understand Rodriguez is only speaking of true life and real events. On the other hand, Armando Solana, a high school student commented on the novel, â€Å"Reading this book is like living thorough it†¦what I learned from this book is to never give up no matter what† (Always Running preface). Luis Rodriguez like many other’s knows first hand that life is not always what its cut out to be. The quick success of his book, Always Running, has caused a large uproar within the community with it stories of unemployment, drugs, gangs, rape, abortion and prostitution. Even with its forbidden tales, Always Running has won the Carl Sandburg Literary Award, the Chicago Sun-Times Book Award and was chosen as the New York Times Notable Book in 1993. Rodriguez’s aim was not to offend anyone, but merely to open the eyes of his son who had recently joined a gang, Tiffany L. Youngren could not have said it better when she exclaimed, â€Å"Rodriguez wields life together like a tool, splitting stereotype cleanly down the middle and scooping out characters that are complex and whole†¦ the people in his stories abuse drugs, start fights, steal and gang-bang, but they are human above all† (Youngren). Always Running by Luis Rodriguez with its ...

Part 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Part 2 - Essay Example Initially after Lyndon was elected, he did not pay much attention to Vietnam but soon started claiming that they would fight communism in North Vietnam. He started sending in more and more troops to fight on air but soon sent even the marines to fight on the ground. From 1965, the marine troops were increased to around 200,000 and they continued to fight the North Vietnamese. The war escalated because the North was refusing to stop the fight against the South, which the American government was supporting. Therefore, more troops were needed to curb the north and destabilize them completely. Bush’s doctrine was on preventing war against those countries threatening America or who harm America. This happened after the September 11 attack by terrorists. This was different from the doctrines of Monroe, Roosevelt and Truman because their doctrines were based on threats and instilling fear but never action or a preventative

DWI Plea Bargaining and Recidivism and relevance to deterrence and Thesis

DWI Plea Bargaining and Recidivism and relevance to deterrence and social learning theory - Thesis Example From the research it can be comprehended that social learning theory and general deterrence theories are two theories which may be used to combat the problem of drinking and driving. Social learning is based upon group behavior, and the assumption that groups have the same norms, values and beliefs, which are transmitted through the group. Behavior may also be punished or rewarded within the group, and modeling plays a part, in that individuals look at each others' behavior and imitate this behavior. The group also has definitions, which serve as justifications or excuses for behavior. This is the most important part of social learning theory. General deterrence theory, on the other hand, focuses on reinforcement, as opposed to association. It is solely focused on punishment, and the theory is that if punishment is both severe and certain, it is more likely to deter others from engaging in this particular behavior. This theory has less scientific evidence supporting it, although it c an coincide with social learning theory, in that part of social learning theory concerns vicarious reinforcement, which means that individuals in a group see others in their group be rewarded or punished for behavior, and react accordingly. General deterrence is a part in that, if a member of a group is punished, then this is a model to others to stop the behavior. Social learning theory has been implicated in criminality, in particular with regards to violence. Rosenstock, Stretcher, and Becker (1988) state that social learning theory is based upon expectancies and incentives. The expectancies consist of expectancies regarding environmental clues (how events are connected, and what leads to what); expectancies about the consequences of one's own actions; and expectancies regarding one's own competency to perform the behavior necessary to achieve the desired outcome. The incentives part of this equation consists of value of the particular outcome. Akers, Krohn, Lanza-Kaduce, Radosev ich (1979) conceive of social learning theory as a variance of operant conditioning combined with learning by observing other's behavior. In other words, social learning is dependent upon the factors governing operant conditioning, which is dependent upon rewards to reinforce good behavior and punishment to deter bad behavior. Either deviant or conforming behavior may be reinforced, depending upon the punishment and rewards one gets for one or the other behavior. Observation of others is the other part of this equation, and this is where individuals learn by watching others what kind of behavior is rewarded or punished. Others model for them what behavior is good and what behavior is bad – in particular, people learn from others who have great influence in their lives, like peers, teachers or parents. Akers (2006) states that social learning consists of four variables. The first is differential association. This means that the individual associates with others with behaviors, values and norms which are supportive of the particular act in question. This association may either be with peers, parents or others, and it may also be association with video games, television, on-line groups and the like. A definition refers to rationalizations, justifications and excuse for the behavior. Differential reinforcement refers to the anticipation of rewards or punishment for the behavior. Generally, the more likely the behavior is to be rewarded, the more likely the person will engage in this behavior. Imitation refers

Extended Essay in German.Generationenkonflikt in der Literatur

Extended in German.Generationenkonflikt in der Literatur - Essay Example Als Beispiel sei hier nur kurz der Konflikt Kà ¶nig Davids und seines Thronfolgers Absalom erwà ¤hnt, der in dem Verrat Absaloms und dessen Tod gipfelt. Die Sympathien liegen bei dem Vater, der den Tod seines Sohnes zwar tief betrauert aber den Kampf gegen den Sohn als unvermeidlich und gerechtfertigt ansah. Dies ist nur ein Beispiel in dem die Nachfolge des Sohnes von seinem Vater verwehrt wird – es stellt eine Extremsituation dar, die dem natà ¼rlichen Prinzip der Erbfolge und des Generationenwechsels zu widersprechen scheint, und den Sieg des alternden Tyrannen gegenà ¼ber der jà ¼ngeren Generation schildert. Fà ¼r ein moderneres Beispiel denke man an den Konflikt zwischen dem tyrannischen Kà ¶nig Friedrich Wilhelm I. von Preußen und seinem à ¤ltesten Sohn Friedrich, spà ¤ter "der Große" genannt. Der streng-verstà ¤ndislose Vater trieb den jungen Friedrich dazu, im Jahre 1730 einen Fluchtversuch mit Hilfe seines Adjutanten, Leutnant von Katte, zu unternehmen. Dies kam nach damaliger Ansicht einem Verrat gleich, und der junge Kronprinz wurde von seinem Vater gezwungen der Hinrichtung von Kattes zuzusehen. Er selbt entkam nur knapp dem gleichen Schicksal. Eine andere Konfliktsituation ergibt sich, wenn der Vater die Nachfolge seines Sohnes aktiv fà ¶rdern will, aber den Sohn nach seinem eigenen Charakter zu formen gedenkt, und die Neigungen und Vorstellungen der Lebensgestaltung seines Sohnes entweder aktiv unterdrà ¼ckt oder auch nur nicht zu erkennen vermag. Der Vater wird hier oft als mitten im Leben stehend geschildert, er ist zweifellos eine Respekt und Furcht einflà ¶ssende Figur gegen die der sich als unterlegen und schwach empfindende Sohn nicht anzugehen vermag. Diese Entwicklung in der Literatur begann im spà ¤ten 18. Jahrhundert – eine typische Konstellation ist der empfindsame, kà ¼nstlerisch begabte und sensible Sohn der sich einer nà ¼chternen und strengen Vaterfigur nicht gewachsen

DuPont Enterprise Financial Analysis

DuPont Enterprise Financial Analysis With the fast pace of modern society, the competitions between companies are becoming more fierce gradually. In order to catch the tide of financial progress, rational analyses are required for enterprise to understand a company’s financial situation and operational efficiency. As a result, entrepreneurs can judge their enterprises’ competitive position in the industry and sustainable development ability based on these analyses. DuPont analysis and factor analysis have been widely applied in enterprise financial analysis. Using these analysis methods can accurately calculate the various influence factors on the direction and extent of the influence of financial indicators, help enterprises to plan in advance, provide matter control and afterwards supervision, promote enterprises’ goal management and improve enterprise management level (Casella Berger, 2002). Which analysis method is more informative for the analysis of corporate financial information? Admittedly , DuPont analysis plays a necessary role in financial analysis. While some experts are against this idea by claiming that factor analysis has a wider range of applications. This essay is aiming to explore the application of DuPont analysis methods in corporate financial management and whether this kind of analysis is more feasible than factor analysis in terms of enterprise development. There is no doubt that DuPont analysis will be introduced to find its feasibility. Under the condition of considering the inner link of financial indicators, DuPont analysis uses the relationship between several major financial ratios to synthetically analyze the financial position of the enterprise. It is a classical method to evaluate the company profitability and shareholders’ equity returns level and evaluate enterprise performance from a financial perspective(Angelico Nikbakht, 2000). The basic idea of DuPont analysis is to decompose the enterprise net assets yield to the product of a number of financial ratios, thus it can help to make an in-depth analysis of business performance. The most significant feature of DuPont model is to connect several ratios that are used to evaluate corporate efficiency and financial conditions according to their inner links, then form a complete index system, and finally reflect the enterprise by return on equity comprehensively (Angelico Nikbakht, 2000). This method can make the level of financial ratio analysis more clear, organized and outstanding, to provide the operation and profitability of enterprises for financial statement analysts. DuPont analysis takes related values in place according to their inner links by DuPont chart and the core value is the return on equity. There are three key points that need to be noted when people utilize DuPont analysis (Bartholomew; Steele, et al, 2008): first, sales net interest rate reflects the relationship of net profit and sales income, and it depends on the sales revenue and total cost. Second, total assets can be referred as an important factor influencing asset turnover ratio and return on equity. Third, equity multiplier is influenced by asset-liability ratio index. To sum up, DuPont analysis system can explain the reason and trend of factor changes. Though DuPont analysis has a lot of advantages and it’s widely applied, it also has some limitations. From the perspective of performance evaluation, DuPont analysis can only show financial information and cannot reflect the strength of enterprise (Harman, 1976). Primarily, DuPont analysis focuses on short-term financial results but ignore the long-term value creation. Moreover, financial indicators reflect the enterprise operating performance in the past, to measure industrial enterprises to meet the requirements of the times. But in the current information age, customers, suppliers, employees, technology innovators have more and more influence on the enterprise operating performance, and DuPont analysis is powerless in these aspects. In addition, DuPont analysis cannot solve the problem of intangible assets valuation that is very important to enhance the competitiveness of enterprises in a long term. Despite all of these drawbacks, DuPont analyses are still the most prevalent tactics in enterprises around the world. The main reason is that enterprises nowadays combine classical DuPont analysis theories with the modern financial management goal. Enterprises design new DuPont analysis method based on the combination of the enterprise value maximization goal and the stakeholders’ interest maximization goal. In this way, stakeholders not only include the shareholders of an enterprise, but also consists creditors, business operators, customers, suppliers, employees and government. All these factors are essential for corporate financial management. The damage in either party of enterprise stakeholders’ interest is not conductive to the sustainable development of the company, also not conductive to reach the maximization of enterprise value. In other words, terminal aim of new DuPont analysis is within the framework of law and morality, under the premise of harmonious deve lopment, effectively balance the corporate stakeholders’ interest, realize the maximization of enterprise value. On the top that, new DuPont However, factor analysis is feasible in the field that DuPont analysis cannot. Factor analysis is mainly used for determining the influence direction and degree of every factor in the total change in some kind of economic phenomenon affected by many factors (Bartholomew; Steele, et al, 2008). Factor analysis is the application and development of index method principle. It’s based on the index method principle. In the analysis of things change influenced by many factors, in order to observe the effects of some factors change, it will make other factors be fixed, and then analyze and replace item by item, so this method is also known as sequential substitution method (Harman, 1976). Based on comparative analysis, factor analysis is frequently used to find differences in the process of comparing and fatherly explore the cause (Larsen; Warne, 2010). Using factor analysis method, the first step is to study the formation process of the object and find various factors of analysis obj ect; then to compare factors with the corresponding criterion item by item to determine the influence degree of differences of every factors, to help find the main contradiction and indicate the main direction of solving the problem for the next step. For instance, the relationship of a financial value and related factors can be represented as: Actual value: P1= A1xB2xC1; Standard value: P2=A2xB2xC2. The overall variance between the actual value and standard value is P1-P2, and it’s affected by three factors, namely A, B and C. The degree of influence of every factor can be calculated as: Influence of factor A: (A1-A2) xB2xC2; Influence of factor B: A1x (B1-B2) xC2; Influence of factor C: A1xB1x (C1-C2). Plus the above influence value, it is the overall variance: P1-P2. From the above analysis, it can be seen that factor analysis can be used for the detailed analysis of the degree of influence and can be more beneficial to guide the decision makers to find financial issues an d propose solutions. In conclusion, DuPont analysis and factor analysis have their own range of application. Through DuPont analysis system can provide better reasons and trends of financial index changes, factor analysis is better in enterprises’ financial analysis. Factor analysis can be used for more detailed analysis of the degree of influence and can be more beneficial to guide the decision makers to find financial issues ultimately and propose solutions fundamentally. In sum, factor analysis method has more extensive scope of application.

Essay --

In this paper there will be instructions on how to break a colt. An interesting fact about horses in general is that they live breath run walk, to be used to ride and they enjoy it. People have a passion for them, and it's viral to understand how to help one's colt to accomplish as much as possible. The first thing that will be taught to one in this paper is the first thing that is needed to know to start a colt which is catching them. To start off one will need to get the colt into a confined place, or a round pin where one can catch the colt easily and it's the safest place to catch a colt. Corner the colt not meanly just so the place the colt is in is smaller. The norm is the colt gets frightened by one's touch, so let them sniff one's hand then reach around their neck which might frighten them so just do this step again and they should let up on it. Next, reach for their neck and put the lead rope around it and slide the halter on. Once your comfortable with the way your colt acts to the halter, the colt might not be ready until you have gone is to through this step a few tim...

Performance Enhacing Drugs in Sports Essay

Performance enhancing drugs should not be allowed in sports. As plain and simple as my opening sentence reads and I totally believe in the theory. The theory that not only are the drugs un-healthy in prolonged use, but the fact that it allows for an unfair advantage over other players who are competing legitimately, and is 110% cheating. This also gives the youth a positive idea if they see their role models take enhancers, leading them on to think that these drugs are okay to partake in. Legitimate competition should be taken very seriously, with the attitude of fair play and gracious defeat. Just as if a card player could see their opponent’s cards, so is the unfair advantage that is caused by using these performance enhancing drugs. There is a great deal of preparation that goes into the competitors before they compete in a match of their choice. Some people train all their lives just to be able to compete in an event, let alone win. To throw an opponent in the ring that put in less effort for the results shown is an unfair advantage on its own. But facing someone who has trained all their lives, and you who have just done adequate training on top of the drug usage is not only unfair, but it is cheating. If you can’t compete legitimately then there is not much point in competing at all. If you cannot play a sport in which you are paid more than enough money to play without using â€Å"enhancers† you should not be allowed to play. Besides the issue of unfair advantage there are also health and social issues. Not only do sportsmen hurt themselves undergoing artificial treatment for both their body and mind, but they also hurt society. When players take part in drugs, they are not thinking of the long term effects of what they are injecting into their bodies. For example, when athletes take anabolic-steroids, they are putting themselves at risk for dehydration, digestive disorders, and addiction to the steroid itself!(Ray) As sports is a big part of our culture and the famous players are also role models for our youth this act sets an awful example. Athletes such as hometown hero Mark McGwire, baseball legend Barry Bonds, and even an Olympic contestant Marion Jones have lead us to believe it was their original skill, but in reality, it was help from the drugs.(pharmacytech) If we allow these drugs in sports then even the recreational weekenders would call for steroid use, thus leading the youth of our culture to exposure of bad medicine and physically wrong deeds. Morally our culture is against the use of drugs both mind altering and physically negative. However with the current generation of youth who would just like to go to the gym for health reasons or what not, a large majority partake in steroid use. In the United States, about 3 million people use anabolic steroids — one in four of these steroid users started as a teenager, and one out of every 10 is a teenager.(Mayo) These are not even professional athletes and they already have such a high view of steroids and think it is the â€Å"easy way out†. As a society we have done our best to prevent the use of drugs, but when role models and favorite players are caught participating in steroid use, they think it is okay because they want nothing more than to be like their role model. But what the youth is not thinking about are the side effects which are just yawned upon, and left for later down the roads of their lives. Conclusively I would stress that when a famous athlete injects himself with these substances, he/she also injects the minds of today’s youth. I for one firmly believe in role model influence and believe that the role models of today should lead by example, not by how high of rank they can receive. Work cited Ray, Linda. livestrong.com. Ed. Julie Mendenhall. N.p., 27 Sept. 2009. Web. 19 Nov. 2012. www.pharmacytechs.com. N.p., 2 Apr. 2010. Web. 20 Nov. 2012. MayoClinic. cnn.com. N.p., 5 Jan. 2007. Web. 20 Nov. 2012.

US Draft essays

US Draft essays The Vietnam War was the subject matter of many debates during the 1960's and the 1970's. War advocates and anti-war activists voiced their opinions all throughout the nation about our countrys involvement in Vietnam. People from all walks of life, from politicians to hippies, spoke out about the war. It was made clear throughout the country that everyone had their own view on the war. From New York to Los Angeles, demonstrations and rallies of either supporting or protesting against Americas involvement in the Vietnam War were held everywhere. One of the main issues of debate was the federal draft. Young Americans across the country were being forced to leave behind their future to fight in Vietnam. Anti-war activists felt that American involvement in Vietnam was inadequate in helping to end the war and that the United States was involved for the wrong reasons. Others considered it as a patriotic duty to serve. Regardless of ones attitude towards the war, many others agreed; therefore, those who strongly followed their beliefs were the ones to speak out and educate others about their perspectives. Among the most outspoken were these Americans: 1. Tim OBrien, a U.S. veteran who served in Vietnam 2. Spiro T. Agnew, the vice president to Richard Nixon 3. John F. Kerry, also a Vietnam veteran and the former lieutenant governor These men have attitudes toward the subject of the draft conscription and the ethics of complying or evading the draft. An analysis of their opinions will help Americans form their positions in the ongoing debate of conscription and the draft. Although each activist supported a different position on the subject, good arguments were made from each side. Tim OBrien was a Vietnam veteran and author who wrote about his experiences and tribulations during the war. In his book, On the Rainy Ri...

My Struggle for Literacy in America

My Struggle for Literacy in America The main purpose of this presentation is to convince the audience that literacy is one of the skills that a person can and should develop. Moreover, an individual should not become despondent, if he/she has to confront some difficulties. This is the main message that is conveyed to the audience.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on My Struggle for Literacy in America specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Moreover, it is aimed at increasing people’s awareness about the problem of illiteracy and its influence on the experiences of individuals who have to face this difficulty. This video clip can be of great interest to viewers who may have various cultural or educational backgrounds. Yet, it can be particularly relevant to individuals who attempt to develop his literacy skills. The author skillfully achieves this goal by adopting various rhetorical techniques. First of all, she relies on ethos and lays stress on her credi bility. It should be noted that the speaker presents a personal narrative which describes the difficulties that she faced due to lack of literary skills. Moreover, this narrative shows how the speaker was able to overcome her difficulties and achieve success (â€Å"My struggle for literacy in America†). In this way, the author demonstrates that she is knowledgeable enough to discuss this topic. Additionally, the author makes use of pathos or emotional appeal. It should be mentioned that this presentation tells the story of a girl, who becomes despondent because of academic failures. In this way, the author makes the audience empathize with this character. Apart from that, emotional appeal is created with the help of music which reflects the experiences of an individual who may feel helpless sometimes, but is able to regain one’s confidence. In turn, one can say that logos or appeal to rationality does not play an important role in this presentation. This is one of the aspects that can be distinguished. Overall, the use of these rhetorical strategies makes the presentation more convincing. Furthermore, the speaker is able to address the audience by combining verbal and visual elements. For instance, the viewers can see that the most important parts of this speech appear on the screen. In most cases, these words replicate the author’s speech, especially at the beginning when she mentions the scale of illiteracy in the United States (â€Å"My struggle for literacy in America†). However, they also supplement the ideas that the speaker expresses. In particular, they can throw light on the experiences of a girl named Samantha who cannot overcome her illiteracy. For instance, she becomes obsessed with the idea that she cannot â€Å"keep up with the readings’ (â€Å"My struggle for literacy in America†).Advertising Looking for essay on rhetoric? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF L earn More So, one can say that this text helps the speaker make the presentation more fluent. Yet, this text is also necessary to help viewers who may have some hearing impairments. Judging from the tone of the author, one can say that she is extremely concerned about the issues that she discusses. The word choices of the speaker indicate that she wants to provide encouragement to the audience. Moreover, the author includes various images in the presentation. In particular, one can speak about the combination of cartoons and drawings. These images depict people who are mentioned in the author’s narrative. In most cases, these cartoons and drawings are related to a girl named Samantha who attempts to develop her literacy skills. This story is necessary to make the speech more vivid. It should be noted that while depicting Samantha, the author does not try to describe the face of this character. This is one of the details that can attract the attention of a viewer. Prob ably, the use of this technique is necessary to show that such difficulties can be encountered by a great number of people. One can say that the text and images supplement one another. Moreover, this presentation includes a link to a website which can show how literacy skills should be developed. This is another aspect that should be distinguished. It is possible to say that the author attempts to support her claim with the help of personal examples. In particular, she argues that if she was able to overcome her illiteracy, other people may also cope with this task. Moreover, the speaker mentions that there are various methods that can enable a person to improve his/her literacy skills. The main limitation of this argument is the personal story of Samantha may not be applicable to other people. For instance, some of them may have cognitive or visual impairments. Therefore, they may not be able to follow the recommendations offered by the author. However, this limitation does not und ermine the ideas expressed by the speaker because many people can cope with this problem only because they do not know much about educational methods that can help them. One can argue that the speaker examines the topic from a personal perspective. Therefore, she relies primarily on her own experiences while the problem of illiteracy. This approach prevents the author from identifying the main reasons why many people may lack literacy skills. This is one of the short-comings that should be considered. â€Å"My struggle for literacy in America.† Online video clip. YouTube. YouTube, 17 Jun. 2013. Web. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=poZmf4JFVoQ .Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on My Struggle for Literacy in America specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More

Outsourcing Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Outsourcing - Term Paper Example For instance, a company may outsource non-strategic functions to companies that specialize in such fields of work. Additionally, outsourcing also includes the transferring of assets and employees to another firm. The term outsourcing extends over both domestic and foreign outsourcing, and it sometimes also involves the relocation of a firm elsewhere; this is known as off-shoring. The company that provides outsourcing services is commonly called as service provider Organizations enter into a business agreement with third-party service providers that involves an interchange of payments and services. Outsourcing helps firms perform efficiently in their core functions and minimize costs incurred and shortage of skill in disciplines where they deem outsourcing appropriate. Since the early 21st century, businesses have exceedingly outsourced to firms in foreign countries; this is commonly known as off-shore outsourcing. In consequence of the widespread practice of outsourcing, several appe llations have been designated to refer to various parts of the relationship between the discipline of outsourcing and firms, such as strategic outsourcing, multi-sourcing and near-shoring. Outsourcing offers more room or elasticity in controlling unnecessary expenses and spending where it is indispensable. Outsourcing gives organizations the advantage to spend on only the services that are absolutely needed and also the precise periods or times in which they need them. This reduces the expenses incurred on hiring and training of employees (Haugen, Musser and Lovelace, 2009). The biggest transition in outsourcing has come from the rapid increase in the number of firms or small groups of professionals using computer technologies to utilize outsourcing as a source or path for building pragmatic service providing businesses or systems that can be operated from any part of the globe where internet access is available. Such service providers are preferred by large firms for ephemeral empl oyment of experts in specialized disciplines so as to have their projects or services worked on and delivered completely virtually or online. This suggests that there is a rapidly growing increase in the number of such businesses that function completely online that outsource to offshore firms to work and complete the work contracted out to them before the final service or project is sent to the end user. This is commonly practiced in website designing. Albeit outsourcing has been practiced by corporations so long work specialization has remained an important part of industry, it is rather recently that there has been a surge in outsourcing by organizations for the execution of non-strategic or non-core processes such as data entry, or billing. This is owing to the fact that such processes could be more efficiently executed by companies that specialize in the aforementioned fields respectively; this makes it more time and cost effective for organizations. Some companies outsource se rvices for the execution of particular business functions, while others outsource services for the execution of entire processes. Outsourcing may take many forms but the two most common forms of outsourcing are: Business Process Outsourcing, BPO, and Information Technology Outsourcing, ITO. Furthermore, Business Process Outsourcing incorporates human resource outsourcing, HRO, call center outsourcing and accounting and finance outsourcing. Such processes for

The relation between assessment practices and outcomes of students in Essay

The relation between assessment practices and outcomes of students in foreign language learning - Essay Example The importance of assessment in the process of education cannot be overemphasized (CERI, 2008). Although prior knowledge affects students’ performance positively, yet the effects primarily depend upon the way they have been assessed (Dochy, Segers, and Buehl, 2010). Ensuring equity in the assessment of students’ performance and its interpretation is fundamental to getting the students motivated to achieve high standards in education (ncrel.org, 1997). To identify the performance assessment methods commonly used by teachers for foreign language learning, first a thorough review of literature would be done. Students would be required to mark the importance of the identified performance assessment methods in determining best learning outcome on a scale of 1 to 5 where the values represent â€Å"not important†, â€Å"less important†, â€Å"important†, â€Å"very important† and â€Å"most important† respectively. The performance assessment methods would be classified using the relative importance index. This research would produce useful results both for the teachers and the students. The teachers would be able to identify and implement the best performance assessment method according to the students’ perception whereas the students would be able to optimize on their academic performance. between Classroom Activities, Motivation, and Outcomes in a University Language-Learning Environment. Carnegie Mellon University. Dietrich College Honors Theses. Paper 74. Retrieved from

Comparing and Contrasting Diverse Roles Research Paper

Comparing and Contrasting Diverse Roles - Research Paper Example These common roles are as follows; Role as a Leader A project manager has to lead, manage and administer the resources of a project (U.S. Office of Personnel Management, 2003). These resources are both tangible and intangible. For instance, tangible resources are finances and materials of a project. Intangible resources are people’s skills. The nature and diversity of these resources makes the role of a project manager very demanding. A project manager needs to lead the team. Projects are not completed without a competent team. In order to get the best out of the people working on a project, they need to be lead and often they need to be lead from the front. That is why the project manager needs to be equipped with the right leadership skills. The role of a leader often requires developing, modifying and implementing project plans. Along with these qualities, a leader also has to bring in the necessary interpersonal skill set to effectively lead the team towards the goals. The re is hardly any contrast in the roles of a project manager and the role of a leader. Every step of the management requires appropriate leadership skills. ... That is why continuous improvement and learning is mandatory for a super job at project managing. Whatever skill and education the project manager has, the manager needs to pass it on to the project team members. The manager needs to show team members how to do certain things. That is where a project manager needs to be a mentor for team members. Mentoring for the project manager involves teaching team members right on the job. This type of mentoring can be related to on the job training. Here comes the contrast; the job of a project manager is to manage the project and not teach the team members new skills. If the project manager is busy teaching the team members about their job skills, project managing can suffer. This is a tough thing for the project manager to balance both these aspects. Role as a Manager This is the prime role of a project manager, to manage. There is no contrast between this role and the main task of a project manager. Team building for a project is also the jo b of a project manager and especially when there are different types of teams. These various types of teams depends on the task at hand as well as the resources available (WHO, 2007). Team building also requires managing the individuals that make up the team. The manager needs to know which individuals are best with their specific skill sets and how to best utilize them. As stated earlier, there is no contrast between the work of a project manager and the role of a manager. These tasks go hand in hand, reinforcing each other. The managerial roles require managing all variables of a project; time, cost, resources. Facilitator roles Sometimes a big project requires more than one project manager for its successful completion. In such scenarios, a project manager needs to play the role of

Olive Cotton Essay Example for Free

Olive Cotton Essay Olive cotton is an Australian photographer who produced magnificent photography for over 60 years. She was born on 11 July 1911 in Hornsby, Sydney. On her 11th birthday Olive Cotton was given a Kodak camera from her father who taught her all the basics of photography. Her father helped her turn the home laundry into a dark room to produce photographs. Cotton had no prior experience with photography. In her darkroom Cotton processed films and produced her first black and white image. While on holidays with her family in Newport Beach Cotton met Max Dupain, whom she later married for two years in 1939, and they became friends, sharing a passion for photography. In 1941 Olive Cotton was asked to manage Dupains studio while he was called to service in war, she accepted and worked as a professional photographer. Olive Cotton got remarried and moved away to Cowra. When she moved away from Dupains studio Cotton did not have access to a dark room for twenty years, but continued to take photos. She later had a child and opened a small photographic studio. Cotton is noted as one of Australia’s most notorious photographers and visual artists with her work show casing in Australia and multiple international exhibitions. Cotton passed away in the first week of October 2003. Vapour Trail 1991 In this image Cotton has captured a surreal moment. The use of black and white exaggerates the scene and gives of a cold and dark feeling. The photo Vapour Trail 1991 was taken from a low angle shot. Taking the image from this angle allows Cotton to include the vapour trail and the clouds in the sky and environment around it. The vapour trail which runs from the top right corner to the bottom left corner give a deep depth of field, the trail has a rough, grainy texture throughout it and consists of many distorted lines. The light source is coming from the bottom right highlighting the clouds. Also included in the photograph is a line of trees and shrubs in the foreground. The foreground is very dark and blacked out with no lighting, only showing the outline of the trees and shrubs. In the background there is a large body of water and another line of trees, shrubs and land. The top right corner is faded into darkness. My gaze focuses at the top of the image and trails down along the vapour trail to where I noticed the trees and the bright lighting coming through the faded clouds. I really like how the lighting in the corner outlines the trees and shrubs leaving the fill black. Fashion shot, Cronulla Sandhill’s 1937 Fashion shot by Olive Cotton consists of many elements. The photo is in black and white consisting mostly of bright shades giving of a very happy mood. Cotton has taken the photograph at a long shot and eyelevel shot. Using these types of shots allowed her to involve the full body of the model, her first husband (Max Dupain), the sky, sand and the distant shore line. The model in the centre of the image wearing a flowing dress is the first place I laid my eyes on. Due to the way the models arm is bent the next place my eyes lead to is Dupain Photographing the model for a magazine shoot. The image also includes the natural foot prints imbedded into the white luscious sand. The ripples and prints in the sand continue in to the shadows of the model and Dupain. The foreground of the image is very clear with even lighting throughout it. The background of the photograph includes a cloudy sky and a shore line of dark trees in the distance. Judging by the shadows the lighting comes from the left side of the image causing the entire centre of the image to be brighter while the top boarders are very dark. I really like the way Cotton has taken a photo in the moment; I also enjoy the Polaroid framing and free hand script on the border. Olive Cotton is a brilliant photography who can take a simple object and make it a beautiful piece of art with it. Even without having and official education in photography, Cotton has produced some of Australia’s most well-known and notorious images in history.

Role Of Law In Modern Society Law Essay

Role Of Law In Modern Society Law Essay The main role of law in modern societies is hard to overestimate. The systems are hard to understand, the institutions are different and range from small to mammoth, and the number of people concerned, from para-legal to federal judge, can only be proof of its central role in society. Law and legal issues are left to lawyers, legal theorists and the occasional sociologist. For most people, the law is only reluctantly confronted during those signature events in life: marriage, paying taxes, immigrating. The history of law is closely related to the development of civilization. Ancient Egyptian law, 3000 BC, restricted a civil code that was probably broken into twelve books. It was based on the concept of Maat, characterized by tradition, symbolic speech, social equality and objectivity. By the 22nd century BC, the ancient Sumerian ruler Ur-Nammu had formulated the first law code, which consisted of casuistic statements and in that law they just had:if then Around 1760 BC, King Hammurabi further developed Babylonian law, by codifying and inscribing it in stone. Hammurabi placed several copies of his law code throughout the kingdom of Babylon as steal, for the entire public to see; this became known as the Codex Hammurabi. The most intact copy of these steal was discovered in the 19th century in Britain, and has since been fully transliterated and translated into various languages, including English, German, and French. Civil Law and Common law The terms of common law system and civil law system are different and used to discriminate two distinct legal systems and approaches to law. The term civil law refers to jurisdictions that took over the continental system of European law resulting basically from ancient Roman law, but much accept the Germanic tradition. The term common law refers to all legal systems, which have adopted the historic English legal system. The distinction to be made between the two systems is that the common law system has a certain characteristic to be case-centered and hence judge-centered, allowing scope for an optional, pragmatic approach to the particular problems that show before the courts. From one point, the law can be developed on a case-by-case basis and from another point the civil law system tends to be a codified body of general abstract principles that control the implement of judicial discretion. In reality, both these views are limited, with the former overemphasizing the extent to which the common law judges can impose their discretion and the latter underestimating the point to which civil law judges have the power to exercise judgment. It is possibly significance mentioning at this point that the European Court of Justice, established, in assumption, on civil law principles, is, in practice, increasingly recognizing the profit of establishing a body of case law. Even though, the European Court of Justice is not bound by the operation of the doctrine of stare deices, it still does not decide personal cases on a personal basis without reference to its previous decisions. Substantive vs. Procedural Law Substantive law refers to all categories of public law and private law, including the law of contracts, real property, torts, and criminal law. First, there is a brief definition of the two terms. When you say substantive law, it actually mansions to the written or constitutional law which governs the connection between people, or between people and the state. Procedural law is the set of rules followed when a court is hearing a case so it basically dictates what will happen during a civil or criminal proceeding. Compare this with procedural law, which provides a government with the machinery to implement the rights and duties as distinct in substantive law. In laymans terms, substantive law defines how the facts in a case will be handled, as well as how a particular case is to be charged. As the name implies, its the substance of the case that is being handled. Only procedural laws can be applied to non-legal contexts, but substantive law cannot. Procedural law is more about how the law will be executed, while substantive law provides the legal result to a case. Summing up: 1. Substantive law is about the characterization of peoples rights, duties and power, while procedural law is about prescribing the form and order by which the law will be enforced. 2. Substantive law defines how the details or information in a case will be handled, while procedural law defines the step-by-step process that the case will go through. 3. Substantive law cannot be applied to non-legal contexts, while only procedural law can be applied to non-legal contexts. 4. Substantive law defines how the case is handled, and how a crime is to be charged, while procedural law describes the method in which a case will progress. Criminal and civil procedure Criminal and civil procedures are not similar to each other. Even if some systems, together with the English, stand for private persons to bring a criminal prosecution against another person, prosecutions are almost always in progress by the state, in order to punish the defendant. The cases are usually in different courts, and juries are not so often used in civil cases. Civil procedure is the main body of law that sets out the rules and principles that courts follow when adjudicating civil lawsuits. These rules manage how a lawsuit or case may be commenced, what type of service of process is necessary, the types of pleadings and statements of case, applications, and orders allowable in civil cases, the timing and manner of depositions and discovery, the conduct of trials, the process for judgment, various available remedies, and how the courts and clerks should function. Civil procedure is central, necessary and special procedural systems even criminal procedure has tended to develop or extend as variations on the civil procedure model. Civil law proceeding is that evidence is received and the summary record prepared by someone other than the judge who will decide the case. In civil law nations, where there is no tradition of civil trial by jury, an entirely different approach has developed. There is no such thing as a trial in our sense or no single, concentrated event. The typical civil proceeding in civil law country is actually a series of isolated meetings of and written communications between counsel and judge. Criminal One of the most comparisons one hears made about criminal procedure in the two traditions is that the criminal procedure in the civil law tradition is called inquisitorial at the same time as that in the common law tradition is called accusatorial. The criminal trial is a challenge between the accusers and the accused with the judge as a referee. Usually the proceedings takes place publicly and orally and is not preceded by any official investigation or preparation of evidence. At the same period of time there are important differences between civil and criminal procedures. The most civil law system consists of separate codes of civil procedure and criminal procedure. The principle of evidence plays more important role in a criminal case if the people judging it doubt the guilt of suppose and have a reason for this doubt a crime cannot be proven. But in a civil case, the court and judge will evaluate all the proof and decide what is most possible. In civil matters the parties are the plaintiff and the defendant. In criminal matters the parties are the Crown and the defendant, in civil matters the parties are the plaintiff and defendant. A prosecutor conducts the case on behalf of the Crown. In the Magistrates Court the prosecutor is a police officer while in the higher courts the Director of Public Prosecutions conducts the prosecution. The plaintiff or prosecutor must prove their case before the court. Conclusion In conclusion, essay explains the differences between criminal procedure and civil procedure and different legal systems.

Lifes a Bitch and then you Rock :: essays research papers fc

Life's a Bitch and then you Rock   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Life is full of hardships, which is a bitch. But, if faced, they are overcome and you are rewarded, which rocks. However, if the problems are not dealt with, more problems will arise. My title is a quote by Art Alexakis—lead singer of the band Everclear. He was presented with problems in his life, but he faced them. And now his life is much better. No one ever promised that life would be easy, and no one ever told you exactly what to expect. This is because everyone’s life is different. No one faces the same challenges. But, everyone has to face life sooner or later.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  First, life confronts you with a problem. It is impossible to list every situation life can hand you, however, here are three scenarios that show different aspects of life. You’re a seventeen year-old girl who has just found out she is pregnant. Your boyfriend, afraid of the situation, has left you. Your parents, deeply religious, have shunned you. Your aunt allows you to stay in her house but disapproves. You are left alone to take care of yourself—sacrifice your childhood. In the next scenario, you’re a grown man. Your father has just suffered a severe stroke, his third in as many years. He is unconscious, in constant suffering, and kept alive, only by respirators that breathe for him. You must choose whether to keep him alive on the machine or pull the plug and let him die—decide his fate. Finally, you’re a 19 year-old college student that has to write a major essay. You haven’t made an effort all year. And if you donâ €™t write a reasonable paper you will probably fail the class. It’s not a difficult assignment but you have to find time, research the subject, and not loose sight your goal—take the responsibility. Ursula K. Le Guin was presented with responsibility when she saw the sparrow trapped in the cage (564-565). She could have just walked away, but she took it upon herself to find help. In our lifetimes, life provides a problem, and we must find a solution.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Next, you have to decide whether to face the problem at hand, or ignore it. Let’s say, in that the first scenario you face your problems, just as Barrett Mandel faced his problem—the inability of university students to write proficient papers. You get an after-school job; study just as hard, if not harder, than you have been; and make plans for the birth.

8 C’s of business letter Essay

Clarity The first element of all business letters is that they should be clear. This includes the purpose of the letter and words used within the text. Clearly state your point near the beginning to allow the reader a clear understanding of the letter’s purpose. Conciseness Avoid using extra words in a business letter. The element of conciseness refers to stating an idea in the fewest words possible. Don’t add superfluous information or extra words to fill space. Simply state the information that’s important and pertinent, and leave it at that. Consideration A business letter should also be considerate. This element is important because you must think about the reader and his feelings and point of view. Make the letter about him and not you. Courtesy   Business letters should show respect to the reader and should demonstrate the writer’s personal respect for the reader and the company he works for. Concreteness Concreteness refers to using vivid wording within the letter that appeals to the reader’s senses. If a business letter is dull, the reader may skim through, missing important points. Cheerfulness When writing a business letter, demonstrate a positive attitude that expresses joy and cheer. Correctness A business letter must always be accurate. This means ensuring every word within the document contains accurate facts and figures. This includes proofreading the letter to check for grammar and spelling mistakes. Character Every business letter should show a bit of uniqueness from the writer. This gives the letter character and may make it more interesting. The Importance of Good Business Letter Format The basic business letter format is the same across a range of industries, with few variations for content and style. The letter should be left-aligned, single-spaced with a one-inch margin and a standard 11- or 12-point type size. The top line below the letterhead should be the month, day and year, followed by one line of space and the address of the recipient. Place one line of space after the recipient’s address and use a simple, professional greeting, followed by a colon and another line of space. Each following paragraph should be separated by a line. Insert one line after the last paragraph, followed by a closing and a comma; leave four lines of space for your signature, and type your name and title. Professionalism A well-formatted letter conveys an immediate sense of professionalism to the reader, particularly if it is printed on quality paper and folded neatly. It lets the recipient know that you took the time to craft a letter carefully, even before he reads the content. When it comes time to follow up, the reader will know where to look for the pertinent information, such as the date and return address. Communication Knowledge When you use the accepted format for a business letter, it lets the reader know that you have a basic understanding of standard business communication practices. A poorly formatted letter, on the other hand, sends an immediate message to the recipient that you do not have the knowledge or you view the communication as informal; as a result, the content might not get the attention it deserves. Showcases Content When writing a business letter, your main objective is to get a message across; the design of the letter itself should fade into the background. By using an improper letter layout, you immediately draw attention to the format rather than the message. By following the standard guidelines for the paragraph content — introducing your point and providing immediate support — you build your case quickly and concisely, making it easy for the reader to focus on the letter itself. Business letters are the unique form of business communication with all the stake holders of the company. The stakeholders include all those who are interested in the running of an enterprise. The business letters are used to convince these stakeholders or persuading them to agree with the writer regarding the topic under discussion. These letters are written as a way of persuading the customers or clients to accept the contract or proposal or enter into an agreement. It is a modern way of communication between both the parties. This is a method winning a contract or bringing business to an organization. A well-written and formatted letter represents the business identity as well as conveys the professionalism of a company. Formats and variation of business letter Proper Business Letter Formats Business letters in the United States, use four common letter formats. Variations differ for other countries such as the date is composed in another style. All proper business letter formats are acceptable but the block is more common. Block Letter Format: The common block letter format is formatted with all of your text flush with the left margin. Paragraphs are doubled spaced and all line text single spaced. The margins are a standard word processor setting of one inch. (see the image of Block Letter Format). Semi-block Letter Format: For the semi-block, the only difference between the semi and alternative block is as opposed to have the body text justified left, the first line of each paragraph is indented. Alternative Block Letter Format: The alternative block letter format moves the return address, date, closing, name, title and signature to the left side of the page. Simplified Letter Format: This format takes the same properties of the block letter with one exception, the greeting or salutation is eliminated. This is a helpful format when you don’t know the recipient’s gender is male or female, or Mrs. or Miss.